Browsing by Subject "Perception"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Association between sociodemographic factors and health beliefs related to breast cancer screening behavior among Northern Thai women: a hospital-based study
    (Springer Nature, 2024-03-31) Jiraniramai, Surin; Pinyopornpanish, Kanokporn; Wongpakaran, Nahathai; Angkurawaranon, Chaisiri; Champion, Victoria L.; Chitapanarux, Imjai; Jiraporncharoen, Wichuda; Wongpakaran, Tinakon; School of Nursing
    Early diagnosis of breast cancer is crucial for reducing mortality rates. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of demographics/social determinants of health on beliefs about the practice of self-breast examination, using mammogram and ultrasound in the context of breast cancer screening among Thai women in a hospital-based setting for implying program planning and future research. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two health centers in Chiang Mai Province from August 2021 to December 2021, involving 130 Thai women ages 40 to 70 years. Data were collected by a survey using a questionnaire to gather sociodemographic information, and health beliefs about breast cancer and screening behavior utilizing the modified Thai version of Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (MT-CHBMS). Descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and linear regression models were employed for examining association between sociodemographic factors and health beliefs about the practice of self-breast examination (BSE), using mammogram (MG) and ultrasound (UTS). Health insurance schemes were associated with Benefit-MG, Barrier-BSE, Barrier-MG and Barrier-UTS subscales. Additionally, monthly income was associated with Barrier-MG and Barrier-UTS subscales. The most common barriers reported were "embarrassment", "worry", and "takes too much time". To enhance breast cancer screening in Thailand, program planning and future research should focus on health insurance schemes, especially women with social security schemes, as they may be the most appropriate target group for intervention.
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    ChatGPT and the Future of Digital Health: A Study on Healthcare Workers' Perceptions and Expectations
    (MDPI, 2023-06-21) Temsah, Mohamad-Hani; Aljamaan, Fadi; Malki, Khalid H.; Alhasan, Khalid; Altamimi, Ibraheem; Aljarbou, Razan; Bazuhair, Faisal; Alsubaihin, Abdulmajeed; Abdulmajeed, Naif; Alshahrani, Fatimah S.; Temsah, Reem; Alshahrani, Turki; Al-Eyadhy, Lama; Alkhateeb, Serin Mohammed; Saddik, Basema; Halwani, Rabih; Jamal, Amr; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Al-Eyadhy, Ayman; Medicine, School of Medicine
    This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and intended practices of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia towards ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) Chatbot, within the first three months after its launch. We also aimed to identify potential barriers to AI Chatbot adoption among healthcare professionals. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1057 HCWs in Saudi Arabia, distributed electronically via social media channels from 21 February to 6 March 2023. The survey evaluated HCWs' familiarity with ChatGPT-3.5, their satisfaction, intended future use, and perceived usefulness in healthcare practice. Of the respondents, 18.4% had used ChatGPT for healthcare purposes, while 84.1% of non-users expressed interest in utilizing AI Chatbots in the future. Most participants (75.1%) were comfortable with incorporating ChatGPT into their healthcare practice. HCWs perceived the Chatbot to be useful in various aspects of healthcare, such as medical decision-making (39.5%), patient and family support (44.7%), medical literature appraisal (48.5%), and medical research assistance (65.9%). A majority (76.7%) believed ChatGPT could positively impact the future of healthcare systems. Nevertheless, concerns about credibility and the source of information provided by AI Chatbots (46.9%) were identified as the main barriers. Although HCWs recognize ChatGPT as a valuable addition to digital health in the early stages of adoption, addressing concerns regarding accuracy, reliability, and medicolegal implications is crucial. Therefore, due to their unreliability, the current forms of ChatGPT and other Chatbots should not be used for diagnostic or treatment purposes without human expert oversight. Ensuring the trustworthiness and dependability of AI Chatbots is essential for successful implementation in healthcare settings. Future research should focus on evaluating the clinical outcomes of ChatGPT and benchmarking its performance against other AI Chatbots.
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    Familiar faces rendered strange: Why inconsistent realism drives characters into the uncanny valley
    (ARVO, 2016-09-01) Chattopadhyay, Debaleena; MacDorman, Karl F.; Department of Human Centered Computing, School of Informatics and Computing
    Computer-modeled characters resembling real people sometimes elicit cold, eerie feelings. This effect, called the uncanny valley, has been attributed to uncertainty about whether the character is human or living or real. Uncertainty, however, neither explains why anthropomorphic characters lie in the uncanny valley nor their characteristic eeriness. We propose that realism inconsistency causes anthropomorphic characters to appear unfamiliar, despite their physical similarity to real people, owing to perceptual narrowing. We further propose that their unfamiliar, fake appearance elicits cold, eerie feelings, motivating threat avoidance. In our experiment, 365 participants categorized and rated objects, animals, and humans whose realism was manipulated along consistency-reduced and control transitions. These data were used to quantify a Bayesian model of categorical perception. In hypothesis testing, we found reducing realism consistency did not make objects appear less familiar, but only animals and humans, thereby eliciting cold, eerie feelings. Next, structural equation models elucidated the relation among realism inconsistency (measured objectively in a two-dimensional Morlet wavelet domain inspired by the primary visual cortex), realism, familiarity, eeriness, and warmth. The fact that reducing realism consistency only elicited cold, eerie feelings toward anthropomorphic characters, and only when it lessened familiarity, indicates the role of perceptual narrowing in the uncanny valley.
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    Hearing, Perception, and Language in Clinical and Typical Populations
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2010-04-09) Miyamoto, Richard T.; Bergson, Tonya R.; Burns, Debra S.; Chin, Steven B.; Houston, Derek M.
    The IUPUI Signature Center for Advanced Studies in Hearing, Perception, and Language is a multidisciplinary, multidepartmental, multischool center dedicated to the integration of knowledge and methodologies from different disciplines to study speech perception and production, music perception and production, language, and cognition in clinical populations across the lifespan. Examples of ongoing research include the assessment of adult cochlear implant users’ perception of pitch; pediatric cochlear implant users’ speech intelligibility, prosody, and vocal music production; infants’ perception of auditory labels for visual objects; and breast cancer survivors’ perception of musical patterns following chemotherapy. In one study, we documented differences in hearing and music cognition between breast cancer survivors who received adjuvant cancer treatment and healthy age- and educationmatched controls. Participants were 29 female breast cancer survivors and 29 healthy controls. All participants received an audiometric test to assess hearing and The Montreal Battery for Evaluation of Amusia, which assesses such perceptual areas as melodic organization, temporal organization, and melodic memory. Results showed a moderate negative correlation between hearing and melodic organization scores across all subjects. For music cognition variables, effect-size analyses of melodic organization tasks (contour, intervals, tonality) suggested that healthy controls scored better than breast cancer survivors, although not significantly. The Center for Advanced Studies in Hearing, Perception, and Language continues to apply both standard and innovative analysis methodology to address cognitive issues of relevance to both clinical and typical populations.
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    A Peircean Critique of and Alternative to Intentionalism about Perceptual Experience
    (2007-02-05T15:50:40Z) Kruidenier, Daniel E.; Houser, Nathan
    My thesis is broadly construed this way: intentionalism, as a theory about perceptual experience, says that the intentional character of perceptual experience determines the phenomenological character of that experience. In some way, to be explained, phenomenology is determined by intentional content. I will show that intentionalism fails on two accounts. It fails to replace the sense-data theory as an explanation of the content of perceptual experience. It also fails to deal satisfactorily with the problem of perceptual illusion. I will then offer an alternative rooted in the perceptual theory of Charles Peirce. I believe his critical but common sense approach preserves the intuition of sense-data theory, that perception is primarily a relation between perceivers and objects. Peirce’s theory also provides a better solution to the problem of illusion.
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    The Sensory Gating Inventory-Brief
    (Oxford University Press, 2021-06-01) Bailey, Allen J.; Moussa-Tooks, Alexandra B.; Klein, Samuel D.; Sponheim, Scott R.; Hetrick, William P.; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    The Sensory Gating Inventory (SGI) is a 36-item measure used to assess an individual’s subjective ability to modulate, filter, over-include, discriminate, attend to, and tolerate sensory stimuli. Due to its theoretical and empirical link with sensory processing deficits, this measure has been used extensively in studies of psychosis and other psychopathology. The current work fills a need within the field for a briefer measure of sensory gating aberrations that maintains the original measure’s utility. For this purpose, large samples (total n = 1552) were recruited from 2 independent sites for item reduction/selection and brief measure validation, respectively. These samples reflected subgroups of individuals with a psychosis-spectrum disorder, at high risk for a psychosis-spectrum disorder, nonpsychiatric controls, and nonpsychosis psychiatric controls. Factor analyses and item-response models were used to create the SGI-Brief (SGI-B; 10 Likert-rated items), a unidimensional self-report measure that retains the original SGI’s transdiagnostic (ie, present across disorders) utility and content breadth. Findings show that the SGI-B has excellent psychometric properties (alpha = 0.92) and demonstrates external validity through strong associations with measures of psychotic symptomatology, theoretically linked measures of personality (eg, perceptual dysregulation), and modest associations with laboratory-based sensory processing tasks in the auditory and visual domains on par with the original version. Accordingly, the SGI-B will be a valuable tool for dimensional and transdiagnostic examination of sensory gating abnormalities within clinical science research, while reducing administrator and participant burden.
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    Sources and Valence of Information Impacting Parents' Decisions to Use Diabetes Technologies in Young Children <8 Years Old with Type 1 Diabetes
    (Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 2020-09) Commissariat, Persis V.; Whitehouse, Amanda L.; Hilliard, Marisa E.; Miller, Kellee M.; Harrington, Kara R.; Levy, Wendy; DeSalvo, Daniel J.; Van Name, Michelle A.; Anderson, Barbara J.; Tamborlane, William V.; DiMeglio, Linda A.; Laffel, Lori M.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    There are multiple information sources available to assist families in learning about rapidly advancing diabetes technologies as care options for their children. This study explored where and from whom families of young children with type 1 diabetes get information about diabetes technologies and the valence (positive vs. negative) of that information. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents (86% mothers) of 79 youth <8 years old with type 1 diabetes for ≥6 months, ([mean ± standard deviation] age 5.2 ± 1.5 years, diabetes duration 2.4 ± 1.3 years, 77% white, A1c 63 ± 10 mmol/mol [7.9 ± 0.9%], 66% pump-treated, 58% using continuous glucose monitors [CGMs]). Interviews were transcribed and underwent content analysis to derive central themes. Most parents reported learning about new technologies from three direct sources: diabetes care providers, people with diabetes, and caregivers of children with diabetes. Parents also cited three indirect sources of information: online forums, publications, and diabetes-specific conferences. Parents reported hearing primarily positive things about technologies. Families not using pump and/or CGM noted reluctance to use technology due to family-specific concerns (e.g., cost, child's unwillingness to wear device) rather than information from outside sources. In this subset of parents, many still expressed willingness to initiate use once family-specific concerns were resolved. Parents of young children received largely positive information about diabetes technologies, primarily from health care providers and others familiar with using devices personally or for their children. To maximize diabetes technology use in young children, it is incumbent upon providers to ensure families receive balanced realistic information about benefits and barriers.
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    A Statewide Hallmark Event: The Exploration of Participants' Perceptions and Emotions
    (2022-12) Nyhuis, Millie Kathleen; Krohn, Brian; Liu-Lastres, Becky; Fu, Yao-Yi
    The Indiana Bicentennial Torch Relay was a one-of-a-kind event that involved over 2,000 participants from all 92 counties. The event was created to invoke community pride and connectivity. The purpose of this study is to understand the emotions and perceptions of participants in a state-wide Hallmark event. To achieve the purpose of this study, this research studied the perception and emotions of the participants of the state-wide event. Participants filled out an online survey with questions related to their sense of community, perception and emotions of the event. Four different scales from previous research were used in the survey. A total of 490 participants responded to the survey. Normality and nonparametric tests were performed. The results of the tests showed an increase in positive affect after the event than before. Most of the perceptions of the event were shown to be relatively similar based on proximity and population of the counties. Showing that no matter the population of the community, perceptions of the event could be very similar.