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Browsing by Subject "Oxidation-Reduction"
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Item Five-Year Longitudinal Assessment (2008 to 2012) of E-101 Solution Activity against Clinical Target and Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens(American Society for Microbiology (ASM), 2014-08) Denys, Gerald A.; Pillar, Chris M.; Sahm, Daniel F.; O'Hanley, Peter; Stephens, Jackson T. Jr; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, IU School of MedicineThis study summarizes the topical E-101 solution susceptibility testing results for 760 Gram-positive and Gram-negative target pathogens collected from 75 U.S. sites between 2008 and 2012 and 103 ESKAPE pathogens. E-101 solution maintained potent activity against all bacterial species studied for each year tested, with MICs ranging from <0.008 to 0.25 μg porcine myeloperoxidase (pMPO)/ml. These results confirm that E-101 solution retains its potent broad-spectrum activity against U.S. clinical isolates and organisms with challenging resistance phenotypes.Item Oxidation of exogenous nicotinamide dinucleotide by isolated mitochondria(1973) Patterson, Carolyn Elizabeth WathenItem Item A study on the mechanism of ethanol-induced suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis(1969) Lumeng, LawrenceItem α-Tocopherol Is Well Designed to Protect Polyunsaturated Phospholipids: MD Simulations.(Elsevier, 2015-10-20) Leng, Xiaoling; Kinnun, Jacob J.; Marquardt, Drew; Ghefli, Mikel; Kučerka, Norbert; Katsaras, John; Atkinson, Jeffrey; Harroun, Thad A.; Feller, Scott E.; Wassall, Stephen R.; Department of Physics, School of ScienceThe presumptive function for alpha-tocopherol (αtoc) in membranes is to protect polyunsaturated lipids against oxidation. Although the chemistry of the process is well established, the role played by molecular structure that we address here with atomistic molecular-dynamics simulations remains controversial. The simulations were run in the constant particle NPT ensemble on hydrated lipid bilayers composed of SDPC (1-stearoyl-2-docosahexaenoylphosphatidylcholine, 18:0-22:6PC) and SOPC (1-stearoyl-2-oleoylphosphatidylcholine, 18:0-18:1PC) in the presence of 20 mol % αtoc at 37°C. SDPC with SA (stearic acid) for the sn-1 chain and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) for the sn-2 chain is representative of polyunsaturated phospholipids, while SOPC with OA (oleic acid) substituted for the sn-2 chain serves as a monounsaturated control. Solid-state 2H nuclear magnetic resonance and neutron diffraction experiments provide validation. The simulations demonstrate that high disorder enhances the probability that DHA chains at the sn-2 position in SDPC rise up to the bilayer surface, whereby they encounter the chromanol group on αtoc molecules. This behavior is reflected in the van der Waals energy of interaction between αtoc and acyl chains, and illustrated by density maps of distribution for acyl chains around αtoc molecules that were constructed. An ability to more easily penetrate deep into the bilayer is another attribute conferred upon the chromanol group in αtoc by the high disorder possessed by DHA. By examining the trajectory of single molecules, we found that αtoc flip-flops across the SDPC bilayer on a submicrosecond timescale that is an order-of-magnitude greater than in SOPC. Our results reveal mechanisms by which the sacrificial hydroxyl group on the chromanol group can trap lipid peroxyl radicals within the interior and near the surface of a polyunsaturated membrane. At the same time, water-soluble reducing agents that regenerate αtoc can access the chromanol group when it locates at the surface.