Browsing by Subject "Orthopoxvirus"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    A case report of Mpox (Monkeypox) in male traveler
    (Elsevier, 2023) AlBahrani, Salma; AlGarzai, Ruba; Aljunaid, Thamir O.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Medicine, School of Medicine
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    Coxsackievirus B3 elicits a sex-specific CD8+ T cell response which protects female mice
    (Public Library of Science, 2023-09-05) Dhalech, Adeeba H.; Condotta, Stephanie A.; Pattnaik, Aryamav; Corn, Caleb; Richer, Martin J.; Robinson, Christopher M.; Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine
    Sex is a significant contributor to the outcome of human infections. Males are frequently more susceptible to viral, bacterial, and fungal infections, often attributed to weaker immune responses. In contrast, a heightened immune response in females enables better pathogen elimination but leaves females more predisposed to autoimmune diseases. Unfortunately, the underlying basis for sex-specific immune responses remains poorly understood. Here, we show a sex difference in the CD8+ T cell response to an enteric virus, Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3). We found that CVB3 induced expansion of CD8+ T cells in female mice but not in male mice. CVB3 also increased the proportion and number of CD11ahiCD62Llo CD8+ T cells in female mice, indicative of activation. This response was independent of the inoculation route and type I interferon. Using a recombinant CVB3 virus expressing a model CD8+ T cell epitope, we found that the expansion of CD8+ T cells in females is viral-specific and not due to bystander activation. Finally, the depletion of CD8+ T cells, prior to infection, led to enhanced mortality, indicating that CD8+ T cells are protective against CVB3 in female mice. These data demonstrate that CVB3 induces a CD8+ T cell response in female mice and highlight the importance of sex-specific immune responses to viral pathogens.
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    Global Mpox outbreak: Are we prepared for emerging strains?
    (Elsevier, 2024-08-23) Sah, Ranjit; Srivastava, Shriyansh; Mehta, Rachana; Kumar, Sachin; Sah, Sanjit; Mohanty, Aroop; Feehan , Jack; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Apostolopoulos, Vasso; Medicine, School of Medicine
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    Human monkeypox disease (MPX)
    (Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salern, 2022-09-01) Farahat, Ramadan Abdelmoez; Sah, Ranjit; El-Sakka, Amro A.; Benmelouka, Amira Yasmine; Kundu, Mrinmoy; Labieb, Fatma; Shaheen, Rahma Sameh; Abdelaal, Abdelaziz; Abdelazeem, Basel; Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine; Franco-Paredes, Carlos; Henao-Martinez, Andres F.; Garout, Mohammed A.; León-Figueroa, Darwin A.; Pachar, Monica; Suárez, José Antonio; Ramirez, Juan David; Paniz-Mondolfi, Alberto; Rabaan, Ali A.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Nishiura, Hiroshi; Ortiz-Martínez, Yeimer; Garcia-Robledo, Juan Esteban; Cimerman, Sergio; Barbosa, Alexandre Naime; Pagliano, Pasquale; Zambrano-Sanchez, Gabriela; Cardona-Ospina, Jaime A.; Bížová, Beatrice; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Monkeypox is a rare viral infection, endemic in many central and western African countries. The last international outbreak of monkeypox reported outside Africa occurred back in 2003. However, monkeypox has reemerged at a global scale with numerous confirmed cases across the globe in 2022. The rapid spread of cases through different countries has raised serious concerns among public health officials worldwide prompting accelerated investigations aimed to identify the origins and cause of the rapid expansion of cases. The current situation is reminiscent of the very early stages of the still ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Overlapping features between these, two seemingly alike viral entities include the possibility for airborne transmission and the currently unexplained and rapid spread across borders. Early recognition of cases and timely intervention of potential transmission chains are necessary to contain further outbreaks. Measures should include rapid and accurate diagnosis of cases meeting case definitions, active surveillance efforts, and appropriate containment of confirmed cases. Governments and health policymakers must apply lessons learned from previous outbreaks and start taking active steps toward limiting the recent global spread of monkeypox. Herein, we discuss the status of the current monkeypox outbreaks worldwide, the epidemiological and public health situation at a global scale and what can be done to keep at bay its further expansion and future global implications.