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Item Challenges in mass fatality management: A case study of the 2010 Haiti earthquake(Journal of Emergency Management, 2012) Sadiq, Abdul-Akeem; McEntire, DavidA mass fatality incident occurs when a disaster causes many deaths and the affected country does not have sufficient resources to process the remains of victims. The January 12, 2010 earthquake in Haiti was one such event, and the estimated 316,000 deaths overwhelmed the response system of the government. The purpose of this article is to review the challenges relating to mass fatality management in this incident. Findings were collected through interviews of 28 individuals along with personal observation obtained during two visits to Haiti after the earthquake. The article argues that a good understanding of these challenges (eg, aftershocks, debris, movement and tampering with bodies, lack of resources, environmental factors, smell of decomposing bodies, threat of epidemics, unidentified bodies, psychological stress, and looting) is crucial for an effective response and quick recovery in communities affected by mass fatality incidents.The article concludes with recommendations for addressing these challenges.Item Contributions to Haiti Earthquake Relief January 2011(2011-01) IU Lilly Family School of PhilanthropyItem Haiti’s Emergency Management: A Case of Regional Support, Challenges, Opportunities, and Recommendations for the Future(FEMA, U.S. Department of Homeland Security: http://training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/CompEmMgmtBookProject.asp, 2012) Fordyce, Erin; Sadiq, Abdul-Akeem; Chikoto, Grace L.As one of the poorest nations in the Western Hemisphere (with over 70 percent of the population living on less than $2 a day) (Grunewald et al. 2010), one wonders about the state of the Haitian Emergency Management System prior to the 2010 earthquake. Clearly, Haiti has been an economically-challenged nation for decades and its protracted poverty level further increases its vulnerability to disasters (PAHO 1994) and impacts its ability to respond and recover effectively when disasters occur. In addition, political instabilities have led to poor economic development opportunities and increased risks. In spite of Haiti’s economic and political challenges, it is possible to gain insight into what the country’s emergency management system looked like before the 2010 earthquake. Haiti had a fledgling national emergency management system in place - one that was heavily supported by both regional and international bodies. The earthquake of January 12, 2010, however, underscores the need for a better disaster reduction and response program, one that would address the underlying and protracted vulnerabilities of Haiti, while ushering in new winds of change that would pump fresh blood into the veins of the emergency management system. This chapter reviews the history of Haiti, including its demography and geography, and examines the hazards and factors contributing to the nation’s vulnerability to disasters. Furthermore, this chapter discusses some past disasters, Haiti’s emergency management system as well as the opportunities and the challenges confronting the system. We conclude by offering some recommendations for improving Haiti’s abilities to deal with disasters.Item How Human Rights Can Build Haiti: The Lawyers, the Activists, and the Grassroots Movement(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2014-04-11) Quigley, FranThis book tells the story of a team of Haitian and U.S. human rights advocates who work to bring justice to the poor and reverse the sad legacy of Haitian lawlessness and suffering. These brave activists organize demonstrations at the street level, argue court cases at the international level, and conduct social media and lobbying campaigns across the globe. They are making historic claims and achieving real success as they tackle the Haitian cholera epidemic, post-earthquake housing and rape crises, and the Jean-Claude Duvalier prosecution, among other human rights emergencies in Haiti. Haiti is a haven for suffering. Four out of five Haitians are not formally employed, and most children are not in school. The per capita income is less than $2 per day. Most Haitians do not have access to a clean source of drinking water. Not coincidentally, a late 2010 outbreak of cholera killed almost 8,000 people, sickened a half-million more, and continues to claim victims. The current state of affairs is sad but not surprising. Like efforts to rebuild a house without first ensuring a strong foundation and solid framing, emergency relief and even long-term investment in Haiti is doomed to failure until human rights are respected and the rule of law is in place. History tells us that the only way to transform Haiti’s dismal human rights legacy is through a bottom-up social movement, supported by local and international challenges to the status quo. That recipe for reform mirrors the strategy followed by Haitian human rights attorney Mario Joseph, his U.S. colleague Brian Concannon, and their clients and colleagues profiled in this book. Joseph, Concannon and a growing number of supporters, including human rights experts interviewed for this book, believe that the tipping point for human rights in Haiti can be the grassroots/transnational movement pushing forward the claims of the thousands of Haitian cholera victims. The cholera litigation filed by Joseph and Concannon could force the world’s most influential organization, the United Nations, to embrace the rule of law in deed as well as in name. By recognizing the poorest of Haitians as individuals with enforceable rights, the UN can create a global precedent that will have an impact for generations to come. Together, Joseph, Concannon, and their allies represent Haiti’s best hope to escape the cycle of disaster, corruption, and violence that has characterized the country’s two-hundred year history. At the same time, their efforts are creating a template for a new and more effective human rights–focused strategy to turn around failed states and end global poverty.Item Racialized violence in the lives of Black people: Illustrations from Haiti (Ayiti) and the United States(APA, 2019) Nicolas, Guerda; Thompson, Chalmer E.Notwithstanding the cessation of the transatlantic slave trade in the 19th century and the end of "classical" colonization in African and Caribbean nations in the last century, racialized violence persists and continues to adversely impact the lives of African-descended people throughout the world. In this article, racialized violence involving Black people refers to physical acts and structural processes that prove injurious or deadly to Black people as Black people. The structural manifestations of racialized violence include unjust laws and normative practices that constrain the fulfillment of Black people's basic needs (like safety) and diminish their pursuit of liberation from persistent oppression. Using Nicolas's systemic and long-standing work in Haiti (Ayiti) as an illustration, we describe how the objectives of ending Black racialized violence and achieving genuine liberation from racism are integral to Black psychological health. Highlighting how racialized violence "works" in maintaining societal racism over the course of history in 2 settings-Ayiti and the United States, we urge psychologists worldwide to improve their practices with Black people by (a) instituting (new) norms that unsilence Black voices in treatment and research, (b) (re)committing to a process of peace promotion that forcefully disrupt the systemic perpetuation of racism, and (c) advancing an agenda of every-day activism aimed at increasing the health and life chances of Black people within and across the diaspora.Item Unidentified Bodies and Mass-Fatality Management in Haiti: A Case Study of the January 2010 Earthquake with a Cross-Cultural Comparison(International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters, 2012-11) McEntire, David A.; Sadiq, Abdul-Akeem; Gupta, KailashThe following paper examines the January 2010 earthquake in Haiti as a case study to better understand what happens to unidentified bodies in mass-fatality management. The paper explores the literature on mass-fatality management, discusses the context of Haiti and the impact of the earthquake in this country, mentions the methods undertaken for this study, and then outlines the key findings from this particular disaster. The paper compares preliminary conclusions in Haiti to other incidents in India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, and concludes with a discussion of implications for research and practice.