IU Indianapolis ScholarWorks :: Browsing by Subject "HPV"

Browsing by Subject "HPV"

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Are Boys Ready for Human Papillomavirus Vaccine? A National Study of Boys in Malaysia
(Wolters Kluwer, 2019-09) Wong, L. P.; Alias, H.; Yusoff, R. N. A. R. M.; Sam, I. C.; Zimet, G. D.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
Background The aim of this study was to investigate factors associated with the willingness of boys to accept the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey among Secondary One male students in Malaysia. Results Among 2823 respondents, knowledge about HPV infection and the HPV vaccine was extremely poor. The mean total knowledge score was only 3.17 (SD ± 2.14), out of a possible score of 10. The majority of respondents were unaware that vaccinating boys can help protect girls against HPV infection (81.6%), and HPV is a sexually transmitted infection (70.1%). Many had the misconception that only females get HPV (78.9%). In multivariable analysis, the factors associated with the intention to receive the HPV vaccination were: agreeing boys need to be vaccinated against HPV infection (odds ratio [OR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.57–2.68), perceiving their parents might allow them to get the HPV vaccine (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.18–2.34), perceived susceptibility to HPV infection (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.06–2.52), and attending a rural school (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.14–1.95). Conclusions Public health educational programs that are focused and tailored on parents consenting to HPV vaccination for boys at a young age can be useful in improving HPV vaccination rates among boys. There is also a pressing need to educate boys about the benefits of HPV vaccination in males and about HPV disease susceptibility to facilitate adoption of the HPV vaccine by young adults in the future.
Attitudes toward Adolescent HPV Vaccination after the COVID-19 Pandemic: A National Survey of Mothers
(MDPI, 2024-08-28) Glauberman, Gary; Liebermann, Erica; Kornides, Melanie L.; Matsunaga, Masako; Lim, Eunjung; Zimet, Gregory; Fontenot, Holly B.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
In the United States, vaccination rates for many routinely recommended vaccines have recovered to pre-pandemic levels, yet human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates still lag pre-pandemic levels. This study sought to uncover the potential effects of the pandemic on attitudes about the HPV vaccine, and factors associated with changes in attitudes. We conducted a national survey (n = 3968) of U.S. mothers with children aged 9-17 years. Outcome variables measured changes in attitude toward the HPV vaccine following the pandemic. Two logistic regression models identified predictors of (1) those who did not have attitude changes (always negative vs. always positive), and (2) those who reported attitude changes (change to negative vs. change to positive). Attitudes toward the HPV vaccine remained unchanged in 78.9% of participants (58.1% positive, 20.8% negative). Of the 21.1% reporting changed attitudes, 9.6% changed to positive and 11.5% to negative. Those reporting changing to a negative attitude had a greater odds of reporting conservative political views, and being unsure/undecided about vaccinating their child against HPV compared to those who reported changing to a positive attitude. Targeted strategies are needed to address erosion in confidence in the HPV vaccine and other vaccines resulting from mis- and disinformation associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and future pandemics.
Attitudinal Correlates of HPV Vaccination in College Women
(SAGE, 2022) Kasting, Monica L.; Christy, Shannon M.; Stout, Madison E.; Zimet, Gregory D.; Mosher, Catherine E.
This study examined associations between general attitudes toward seeking medical care, attitudes about vaccines/fear of shots, and human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake and intentions in college women. Hypothesized associations were framed by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Participants (N = 330, mean age = 18.9 years, 75% White) completed a one-time survey. The majority (61%; n = 201) had received ≥1 HPV vaccine dose. Hierarchical logistic regression examined relationships between attitudes and vaccine uptake. Pearson correlation coefficients and Kruskal-Wallis tests examined associations between attitudes and vaccine intentions. Results were partially consistent with the TPB. In the final model, perceived benefits, but not fear of shots, were associated with vaccine uptake. Among the unvaccinated, perceived benefits, but not fear of shots, were associated with vaccine intentions. Provider recommendation was the strongest predictor of vaccine uptake. Findings suggest interventions incorporating discussion of perceived benefits and provider recommendation may improve HPV vaccine receipt among college women.
Awareness data on cervical cancer among females of rural and urban areas of Haryana, India
(Elsevier, 2024-02-07) Yadav, Ritu; Chauhan, Meenakshi B.; Yadav, Chetna; Ranga, Shalu; Ahuja, Parul; Tanwar, Mukesh; Balhara, Nikita; Kadian, Lokesh; Chauhan, Preeti; Tanwar, Neha; Ahlawat, Chavi; Medicine, School of Medicine
A cross-sectional study was done to assess the degree of current awareness and behaviors about cervical cancer among females in urban and rural areas of North India. This survey was conducted on one thousand females (500 rural and 500 urban). A well-structured questionnaire was designed to collect information about participants’ knowledge on cancer of cervix uteri such as age, height and weight measurements, marital status, menstrual status, personal hygiene, age at menarche, sexual history, pregnancy and abortion history, use of contraceptive pills for birth-control, smoking, alcohol consumption, and other relevant information. The data was collected by conducting face-to-face interviews after obtaining the verbal consent of the participants. The data has the potential to reduce disease burden by spreading awareness about symptoms and risk factors of cervical cancer as well as implementation of effective early screening strategies.
Comparison of Xpert® HPV and Hybrid Capture® 2 DNA Test™ for detection of high-risk HPV infection in cervical atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance
(Elsevier, 2017-03) Rabaan, Ali A.; Taylor, Donald R.; Dawamneh, Mohammed F.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
This study compares Xpert® HPV and Hybrid Capture® 2 High-Risk HPV DNA Test™ (hc2) for the detection of high-risk HPV infection in cervical smears. Papanicolaou smears with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) constituted the study specimens. Of the 168 ASC-US samples, 134 (79.8%) were from Saudi patients. The hc2 test was positive in 33 (19.6%) of the total patients, 20% among Saudi patients, and 17.6% among non-Saudi patients. Xpert® HPV produced positive results in 30 (17.8%) of the samples. The overall concordance rate between the two tests was 98.2%, and the positive concordance rate was 91%. There were three samples tested positive by hc2 that tested negative by Xpert® HPV. HPV 16, HPV 18/45 and HPV other types were the most common types. Both tests have a reasonable positive concordance rate, although hc2 detected more cases than Xpert® HPV. Xpert® HPV provides a viable alternative to the hc2 test with similar detection results for samples with ASC-US.
The East Africa Consortium for human papillomavirus and cervical cancer in women living with HIV/AIDS
(Taylor & Francis, 2022) Tong, Y.; Orang’o, E.; Nakalembe, M.; Tonui, P.; Itsura, P.; Muthoka, K.; Titus, M.; Kiptoo, S.; Mwangi, A.; Ong’echa, J.; Tonui, R.; Odongo, B.; Mpamani, C.; Rosen, B.; Moormann, A.; Cu-Uvin, S.; Bailey, J.A.; Oduor, C.I.; Ermel, A.; Yiannoutsos, C.; Musick, B.; Sang, E.; Ngeresa, A.; Banturaki, G.; Kiragga, A.; Zhang, J.; Song, Y.; Chintala, S.; Katzenellenbogen, R.; Loehrer, P.; Brown, D.R.; Biostatistics and Health Data Science, School of Medicine
The East Africa Consortium was formed to study the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer and the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on HPV and cervical cancer, and to encourage collaborations between researchers in North America and East African countries. To date, studies have led to a better understanding of the influence of HIV infection on the detection and persistence of oncogenic HPV, the effects of dietary aflatoxin on the persistence of HPV, the benefits of antiretroviral therapy on HPV persistence, and the differences in HPV detections among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women undergoing treatment for cervical dysplasia by either cryotherapy or LEEP. It will now be determined how HPV testing fits into cervical cancer screening programs in Kenya and Uganda, how aflatoxin influences immunological control of HIV, how HPV alters certain genes involved in the growth of tumours in HIV-infected women. Although there have been challenges in performing this research, with time, this work should help to reduce the burden of cervical cancer and other cancers related to HIV infection in people living in sub-Saharan Africa, as well as optimized processes to better facilitate research as well as patient autonomy and safety. KEY MESSAGESThe East Africa Consortium was formed to study the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV) infections and cervical cancer and the influence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection on HPV and cervical cancer.Collaborations have been established between researchers in North America and East African countries for these studies.Studies have led to a better understanding of the influence of HIV infection on the detection and persistence of oncogenic HPV, the effects of dietary aflatoxin on HPV detection, the benefits of antiretroviral therapy on HPV persistence, and the differences in HPV detections among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women undergoing treatment for cervical dysplasia by either cryotherapy or LEEP.
An Educational Intervention to Improve HPV Vaccination: A Cluster Randomized Trial
(AAP, 2019-01) Dixon, Brian E.; Zimet, Gregory D.; Xiao, Shan; Tu, Wanzhu; Lindsay, Brianna; Church, Abby; Downs, Stephen M.; Epidemiology, School of Public Health
Background: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to serious health issues and remains the most common sexually transmitted infection. Despite availability of effective vaccines, HPV vaccination rates are suboptimal. Methods: In a cluster randomized trial, an intervention targeting parents of adolescents (11-17 years) eligible for a dose of HPV vaccine was tested in pediatric clinics part of an urban health system. Parents watched a digital video outlining the risks and benefits of vaccine using a tablet in the exam room. The primary outcome was change in HPV vaccine status two weeks after the clinic visit. An intention to treat analysis for the primary outcome utilized generalized estimating equations to accommodate the potential cluster effect of clinics. Results: A total of 1596 eligible adolescents were observed during the 7-month trial. One-third of adolescents visited an intervention clinic. Adolescents who attended an intervention clinic were more likely to be younger (11-12 years) than those who attended a control clinic (72.4% versus 49.8%; p<0.001). No differences in race or gender were observed. The proportion of adolescents with an observed change in vaccine status was higher for those attending an intervention clinic (64.8%) versus control clinic (50.1%; OR=1.82; 95% CI=1.47-2.25; p<0.001). Adolescents whose parents watched the video had a three times greater odds of receiving a dose of the HPV vaccine (78.0%; OR=3.07; 95% CI=1.47-6.42; p=0.003). Conclusions: Educational interventions delivered within a clinical setting hold promise to improve vaccination behaviors.
Effects of Caffeine, a DNA Damage Response Inhibitor, on Papillomavirus Genome Replication
(MDPI, 2022-11-05) Kanginakudru, Sriramana; Gilson, Timra; Jose, Leny; Androphy, Elliot J.; Dermatology, School of Medicine
Epidemiological studies have revealed that caffeinated coffee imparts a reduced risk of oropharyngeal cancer, of which human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the causative agents. Caffeine is a known inhibitor of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway. We sought to test the effects of caffeine on the early replication of the HPV31 virus. It has been reported that the inhibition of several factors necessary for the DDR during the differentiation-dependent stage of HPV block genome amplification, while the HPV genome maintenance replication was unaffected. We first studied the effects of caffeine in the earliest stages of viral infection. Using pseudo-virions (PsV) expressing an m-Cherry reporter gene and quasi-virions (QsV) containing HPV31 genomes to mediate the infection, we found no evidence that caffeine impeded the viral entry; however, the infected cells displayed a reduced HPV copy number. In contrast, caffeine exposure increased the copy number of HPV31 episomes in the transient transfection assays and in the CIN612E cells that stably maintain viral episomes. There was a concomitant increase in the steady state levels of the HPV31 E1 and E2 transcripts, along with increased E2 loading at the viral origin of replication (ori). These results suggest that the caffeine-mediated inhibition of the DDR reduces viral genome replication in the early stage of infection, in contrast to the maintenance stage, in which the inhibition of the DDR may lead to an increase in viral amplicon replication.
The Eukaryotic SMC5/6 Complex Represses the Replicative Program of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus
(2020-10) Gibson, Ryan Taylor; Androphy, Elliot; Guo, Haitao; Yu, Andy; Mayo, Lindsey
Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are non-enveloped, circular double-stranded DNA viruses that infect basal keratinocytes of stratified squamous epithelia. High-risk HPV (HR-HPV) infection causes nearly all cervical cancers and an increasing number of head and neck cancers. While prophylactic vaccinations have reduced the incidence of HPV infection and attributable cancers, currently there is no cure for pre-existing HPV infection. As such, HPV remains a global health threat and a better understanding of HPV biology remains of significant medical importance for identification of novel therapeutic targets. The multi-subunit structural maintenance of chromosomes 5/6 complex (SMC5/6) is comprised of SMC5, SMC6 and NSE1-4. SMC5/6 is essential for homologous recombination DNA repair and reportedly functions as an antiviral factor during hepatitis B and herpes simplex-1 viral infections. Intriguingly, SMC5/6 has been found to associate with HR-HPV E2 proteins, which are multifunctional transcription factors essential to regulation of viral replication and transcription. The function of SMC5/6 associations with E2, as well as its role during HR-HPV infection remain unclear and we explored this question in the context of HR-HPV- 31. SMC6 interacted with HPV-31 E2 and co-immunoprecipitation of SMC6/E2 complexes required the E2 transactivation domain, inferring SMC6 association is limited to the full-length E2 isoform. Depletion of SMC6 and NSE3 increased HPV replication and transcription in keratinocytes stably maintaining episomal HPV-31, suggesting that the SMC5/6 complex represses these processes. Neither SMC6 nor NSE3 co-IP the viral E1 DNA helicase alone or E1/E2 complexes but the association of SMC6 with E2 was reduced in the presence of E1, indicating that SMC6 competes with E1 for E2 binding. This infers that SMC6 repression of the viral replicative program may involve inhibiting initiation of viral replication by disrupting E2 interactions with E1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation determined that SMC6 is present on episomal HPV-31 genomes, alluding to a possible role for SMC5/6 in modifying the chromatin state of viral DNA. Taken together, these findings describe a novel function for SMC5/6 as a repressor of the HPV-31 replicative program.
Factors associated with HPV vaccination initiation among United States college students
(Taylor & Francis, 2021) McLendon, Lane; Puckett, Jesse; Green, Chelsea; James, Jenna; Head, Katharine J.; Lee, Hee Yun; Young Pierce, Jennifer; Beasley, Mark; Daniel, Casey L.; Communication Studies, School of Liberal Arts
Human papillomavirus (HPV) remains the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the U.S. despite widespread availability of a safe, effective vaccine. Although young adults are at greatest risk of HPV infection, extensive vaccine promotion and intervention efforts has been directed toward 11-12-year-olds. College students represent an ideal audience for HPV vaccine "catch-up;" however, research indicates inconsistent HPV vaccination rates within this demographic. An online survey assessing HPV and HPV vaccine knowledge and behaviors was distributed to all undergraduate college students at a large, public university in the Deep South region of the U.S. The primary outcome was receipt of HPV vaccination (binary response options of Yes/No). Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of HPV vaccination. Of the 1,725 who completed the survey, 47.0% reported having received at least one dose of HPV vaccine; overall series completion (series = 3 doses for this population) was 17.4%. The primary outcome was HPV initiation among college students, defined as having received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. Results indicated substantial gaps in participants' knowledge of their vaccination status. Provider and parental recommendations as well as social influences were shown to significantly impact student vaccination status, emphasizing the importance of incorporating these elements in future interventions, potentially as multi-level strategies. Future college interventions should address HPV and vaccination knowledge and the importance of provider and parental recommendations.

Browsing by Subject "HPV"

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