Browsing by Subject "Gram-Negative Bacteria"

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    Five-Year Longitudinal Assessment (2008 to 2012) of E-101 Solution Activity against Clinical Target and Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens
    (American Society for Microbiology (ASM), 2014-08) Denys, Gerald A.; Pillar, Chris M.; Sahm, Daniel F.; O'Hanley, Peter; Stephens, Jackson T. Jr; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    This study summarizes the topical E-101 solution susceptibility testing results for 760 Gram-positive and Gram-negative target pathogens collected from 75 U.S. sites between 2008 and 2012 and 103 ESKAPE pathogens. E-101 solution maintained potent activity against all bacterial species studied for each year tested, with MICs ranging from <0.008 to 0.25 μg porcine myeloperoxidase (pMPO)/ml. These results confirm that E-101 solution retains its potent broad-spectrum activity against U.S. clinical isolates and organisms with challenging resistance phenotypes.
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    On the in vivo significance of bacterial resistance to antimicrobial peptides
    (Elsevier, 2015-11) Bauer, Margaret E.; Shafer, William M.; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, IU School of Medicine
    Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are at the front-line of host defense during infection and play critical roles both in reducing the microbial load early during infection and in linking innate to adaptive immunity. However, successful pathogens have developed mechanisms to resist AMPs. Although considerable progress has been made in elucidating AMP-resistance mechanisms of pathogenic bacteria in vitro, less is known regarding the in vivo significance of such resistance. Nevertheless, progress has been made in this area, largely by using murine models and, in two instances, human models of infection. Herein, we review progress on the use of in vivo infection models in AMP research and discuss the AMP resistance mechanisms that have been established by in vivo studies to contribute to microbial infection. We posit that in vivo infection models are essential tools for investigators to understand the significance to pathogenesis of genetic changes that impact levels of bacterial susceptibility to AMPs. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Peptides.