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Item Beyond Traditional Newspaper Advertisement: Leveraging Facebook-Targeted Advertisement to Recruit Long-Term Smokers for Research(JMIR Publications, 2016) Carter-Harris, Lisa; Bartlett Ellis, Rebecca J.; Warrick, Adam; Rawl, Susan; IU School of NursingBACKGROUND: Smokers are a stigmatized population, but an important population to reach for the purpose of research. Therefore, innovative recruitment methods are needed that are both cost-effective and efficacious in recruiting this population. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present article was to evaluate the feasibility of Facebook-targeted advertisement to recruit long-term smokers eligible for lung cancer screening for a descriptive, cross-sectional survey. METHODS: A social media recruitment campaign was launched using Facebook-targeted advertisement to target age and keywords related to tobacco smoking in the Facebook users profile, interests, and likes. A 3-day newspaper advertisement recruitment campaign was used as a comparison. The study that used both recruitment methods aimed to test the psychometric properties of 4 newly developed lung cancer screening health belief scales. Data were collected via cross-sectional survey methodology using an Web-based survey platform. RESULTS: The Facebook-targeted advertisements were viewed 56,621 times over an 18-day campaign in 2015 in the United States. The advertisement campaign yielded 1121 unique clicks to the Web-based survey platform at a cost of $1.51 per completed survey. Of those who clicked through to the study survey platform, 423 (37.7%) consented to participate; 92 (8.2%) dropped out during completion of the survey yielding a final study pool of 331 completed surveys. Recruitment by newspaper advertisement yielded a total of 30 participants in response to a 3-day advertisement campaign; recruitment efficacy resulted in 10 participants/day at $40.80 per completed survey. Participants represented current (n=182; 51%) and former smokers (n=178; 49%) with a mean age of 63.4 years (SD 6.0). Cost of the advertisement campaign was $500 total for the 18-day campaign. CONCLUSIONS: Recruitment by Facebook was more efficacious and cost-effective compared with newspaper advertisement. Facebook offers a new venue for recruitment into research studies that offer the potential for wider reach at a lower cost while providing privacy and flexibility for potential study participants. The study's findings extend recent work of other researchers who have demonstrated Facebook's utility with younger smokers, and Facebook is an effective tool to recruit older smokers. Furthermore, Facebook is a cost-effective alternative to traditional newspaper advertisement offering a new, affordable venue to recruit large numbers of older smokers efficiently.Item Describing Hidradenitis Suppurativa Misinformation Diffusion Among Facebook Users: A Content Analysis(Matrix Medical Communications, 2023) Méndez, Alejandra; Rao, Megana; Rahnama-Moghadam, Sahand; Gomaa, Basma; Walsh-Buhi, Eric R.; Dermatology, School of MedicineItem Engagement design in studies on pregnancy and infant health using social media: Systematic review(Elsevier, 2020-05-08) Shieh, Carol; Khan, Israt; Umoren, Rachel; School of NursingSocial media utilization is prevalent among reproductive-age women. The literature on how researchers engage women in studies using social media platforms is scarce. This systematic review analyzed participant engagement design in studies using social media and focused on pregnancy and infant health. Methods: A literature search of EBSCO and PubMed databases was conducted. Included studies had to be completed with quantitative data, focus on pregnancy, postpartum or infant health, and use social media in the research process. A matrix of three engagement designs (passive, interactive, independent) and three research processes (recruitment, data analysis, intervention) was used for analysis. Findings: Thirty-one articles that reported 30 studies met the inclusion criteria. Of these, four were randomized controlled trials (RCT), four were non-RCT interventions, and 22 were observational/descriptive studies. The main purpose of using social media was for recruitment (n = 16), data analysis (n = 6), intervention (n = 8), or both recruitment and intervention (n = 1). Passive engagement was a fundamental design approach in all studies to access a data source that was either the participant or the data provided by the participants in social media. Interactive engagement, mostly for recruitment and intervention, was to engage participants in completing study enrollment or in interacting with the study team or fellow participants. Independent engagement involved off-line activities and appeared sporadically in intervention studies. Conclusions: Passive and interactive engagement designs are more frequently used than independent engagement design. Researchers should select suitable designs when studying pregnancy and infant health using social media.Item The Impact of Social Media on Social Behaviors and Alcohol Consumption(2016-04-08) Burress, KimberlyThis research project examines the subliminal effects that alcohol consumption may or may not have on a person’s technology-based social behaviors. If the effect of alcohol consumption alters social behaviors, then a logical question is whether and how these behaviors are expressed through social media. Sub-areas of inquiry include alcohol’s effect on mood, alcohol-based interactions on social media and the impact of alcohol on an individual’s use of different social media platforms. The main objective of this research is to obtain a clearer understanding of the extent to which alcohol consumption and advertisement impact social media interactions. If correlations can be found, then a further step is to examine alcohol consumption interactions and advertising-based interactions and their influence on the activities of other social media users and the content of their posts. The research will examine social media content created about consuming alcohol through the use of keyword analysis. It will focus specifically on data that can be gleaned from Facebook and Twitter postings. The frequency of social media content creation when under the influence of alcohol will be compared with content creation during periods of sobriety. The research will discern whether there is a noticeable change in content subject matter, attitude and/or tone when alcohol is being consumed. It will also determine whether there is a correlation between social media advertisements related to alcohol, and if so, whether the followers of those advertisements increase their own alcohol-related user content and whether this then increases alcohol consumption. Technology such as social media has significantly reduced the time and distance between communication channels and users. This research project examines technology-based social behaviors to discern whether user content on social media can be collected and analyzed to cultivate additional sales within the alcohol industry.Item Investigation Gone Viral: Application of the Social Mediasphere in Research(AGA Institute, 2015-10) Lammert, Craig; Comerford, Megan; Love, Joshua; Bailey, James Robert; Department of Medicine, IU School of MedicineItem Perceptions on Oral Ulcers From Facebook Page Categories: Observational Study(JMIR, 2023-01) Simhadri, Suguna; Yalamanchi, Sriha; Stone, Sean; Srinivasan, Mythily; Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, School of DentistryBackground: Oral ulcers are a common condition affecting a considerable proportion of the population, and they are often associated with trauma and stress. They are very painful, and interfere with eating. As they are usually considered an annoyance, people may turn to social media for potential management options. Facebook is one of the most commonly accessed social media platforms and is the primary source of news information, including health information, for a significant percentage of American adults. Given the increasing importance of social media as a source of health information, potential remedies, and prevention strategies, it is essential to understand the type and quality of information available on Facebook regarding oral ulcers. Objective: The goal of our study was to evaluate information on recurrent oral ulcers that can be accessed via the most popular social media network—Facebook. Methods: We performed a keyword search of Facebook pages on 2 consecutive days in March 2022, using duplicate, newly created accounts, and then anonymized all posts. The collected pages were filtered, using predefined criteria to include only English-language pages wherein oral ulcer information was posted by the general public and to exclude pages created by professional dentists, associated professionals, organizations, and academic researchers. The selected pages were then screened for page origin and Facebook categories. Results: Our initial keyword search yielded 517 pages; interestingly however, only 112 (22%) of pages had information relevant to oral ulcers, and 405 (78%) had irrelevant information, with ulcers being mentioned in relation to other parts of the human body. Excluding professional pages and pages without relevant posts resulted in 30 pages, of which 9 (30%) were categorized as “health/beauty” pages or as “product/service” pages, 3 (10%) were categorized as “medical & health” pages, and 5 (17%) were categorized as “community” pages. Majority of the pages (22/30, 73%) originated from 6 countries; most originated from the United States (7 pages), followed by India (6 pages). There was little information on oral ulcer prevention, long-term treatment, and complications. Conclusions: Facebook, in oral ulcer information dissemination, appears to be primarily used as an adjunct to business enterprises for marketing or for enhancing access to a product. Consequently, it was unsurprising that there was little information on oral ulcer prevention, long-term treatment, and complications. Although we made efforts to identify and select Facebook pages related to oral ulcers, we did not manually verify the authenticity or accuracy of the pages included in our analysis, potentially limiting the reliability of our findings or resulting in bias toward specific products or services. Although this work forms something of a pilot project, we plan to expand the project to encompass text mining for content analysis and include multiple social media platforms in the future.Item Photos Shared on Facebook in the Context of Safe Sleep Recommendations: Content Analysis of Images(JMIR, 2024-04-23) Pretorius, Kelly; Kang, Sookja; Choi, Eunju; School of NursingBackground: Sudden unexpected infant death (SUID) remains a leading cause of infant mortality; therefore, understanding parental practices of infant sleep at home is essential. Since social media analyses yield invaluable patient perspectives, understanding sleep practices in the context of safe sleep recommendations via a Facebook mothers' group is instrumental for policy makers, health care providers, and researchers. Objective: This study aimed to identify photos shared by mothers discussing SUID and safe sleep online and assess their consistency with infant sleep guidelines per the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). We hypothesized the photos would not be consistent with guidelines based on prior research and increasing rates of accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed. Methods: Data were extracted from a Facebook mothers' group in May 2019. After trialing various search terms, searching for the term "SIDS" on the selected Facebook group resulted in the most relevant discussions on SUID and safe sleep. The resulting data, including 20 posts and 912 comments among 512 mothers, were extracted and underwent qualitative descriptive content analysis. In completing the extraction and subsequent analysis, 24 shared personal photos were identified among the discussions. Of the photos, 14 pertained to the infant sleep environment. Photos of the infant sleep environment were then assessed for consistency with safe sleep guidelines per the AAP standards by 2 separate reviewers. Results: Of the shared photos relating to the infant sleep environment, 86% (12/14) were not consistent with AAP safe sleep guidelines. Specific inconsistencies included prone sleeping, foreign objects in the sleeping environment, and use of infant sleeping devices. Use of infant monitoring devices was also identified. Conclusions: This study is unique because the photos originated from the home setting, were in the context of SUID and safe sleep, and were obtained without researcher interference. Despite study limitations, the commonality of prone sleeping, foreign objects, and the use of both infant sleep and monitoring devices (ie, overall inconsistency regarding AAP safe sleep guidelines) sets the stage for future investigation regarding parental barriers to practicing safe infant sleep and has implications for policy makers, clinicians, and researchers.Item The Promise and Pitfalls of Facebook Advertising: a Genetic Counselor’s Perspective(Springer, 2018-04) Verbrugge, Jennifer; Rumbaugh, Malia; Cook, Lola; Schulze, Jeanine; Miller, Mandy; Heathers, Laura; Arnedo, Vanessa; Kuhl, Maggie McGuire; Foroud, Tatiana; Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of MedicineFacebook advertising is a powerful tool for increasing the outreach and recruitment of research participants. We describe our experience as genetic counselors within the context of an internet-based research study, recruiting subjects for a Parkinson disease (PD) biomarker study.Item Quantifying side effects and caregiver burdens of pediatric pulmonary hypertension therapies(BMC, 2023-01) Nelson, Erik J.; Cook, Ella; Nelson, Samara; Brown, Rebecca; Pierce, Megan; Bangerter Seelos, Ashley; Stickle, Heather; Johansen, Michael; Pediatrics, School of MedicineBackground and objectives Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a rare, but serious disease among children. However, PH has been primarily evaluated among adults. Consequently, treatment therapies have not been fully evaluated among pediatric populations and are used in an ‘off label’ manner. The purpose of this study was to estimate the side effect profiles of the most commonly prescribed pediatric PH therapies and to understand the burdens placed upon families caring for children living with PH. Methods Participants were recruited online through the “Families of children with pulmonary hypertension” Facebook group and asked to complete a survey about PH treatments. Results A total of 139 parents of a child living with PH completed the survey. Almost all children used ≥ 1 medication to treat PH, with 52% using ≥ 3 medications. The highest average number of side effects was reported by users of Treprostinil, Selexipag and type-5 phosphodiesterase (PDE5) inhibitors. The most common side effects were skin flushing, headache, nasal congestion, joint/muscle pain, and nausea. In terms of accessing care, 81% travel ≥ 20 miles and 68% travel for ≥ 60 min to receive care. Conclusions We found an array of treatment combinations employed to mitigate symptoms of PH in children, with a wide range of side effects. We also found a large, unseen economic, emotional, and time burden of caring for a child living with PH. Further research is warranted to understand the clinical implications of these side effects to move towards labeled usage of these therapies rather than post-hoc off-label usage.Item Reach Out to Your Students Using Myspace and Facebook(H.W. Wilson Company, 2007) Kwong, VincciIn the past, academic libraries posted flyers around campus to promote library events. With the increasing popularity of e-mail, sending out event information to students through campus e-mail seems to be a better option. However, do students pay attention to their campus e-mail?