Browsing by Subject "Control"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Ambient Temperature Control
    (2017-04-28) Maizama Gaya, Ayouba; Goodman, David
    This report is a summary of my senior design project. The project is called Ambient Temperature Control. This paper includes the parts and design of the project, how it is made and designed. It will also document all important stages of the project as well as any big changes that were made during the process. Consumers love great products with great quality but at the same time affordable. Modern thermostats can be very expensive and unaffordable for many of us. I decided to use to senior design project to create a temperature control device that will not break the bank. The device will read ambient temperature and based on a set point, a fan will turn on to keep that set point within a range. All this is possible by combining designed hardware, a built software and an interface to bring everything to life.
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    Global Trends of Monkeypox-Related Articles: A Bibliometric Analysis Over the Last Five Decades (1964 – July 14, 2022)
    (Elsevier, 2023) Kamal, Manar Ahmed; Farahat, Ramadan Abdelmoez; Awad, Ahmed K.; Tabassum, Shehroze; Labieb, Fatma; Bejan, Cosmin A.; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Dhama, Kuldeep; Dergaa, Ismail; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background: The first human monkeypox (MPX) case was identified in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 1970 with an outbreak in 2010 and the first human MPX case in the UK in 2022. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the literature on monkeypox based on the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) to identify relevant topics and trends in monkeypox research. Methods: We searched the Web of Science from 1964 until July 14, 2022, for all publications using the keywords "Monkeypox" and "Monkeypox virus." Results were compared using numerous bibliometric methodologies and stratified by journal, author, year, institution, and country-specific metrics. Results: Out of 1170 publications initially selected, 1163 entered our analysis, with 65.26 % (n = 759) being original research articles and 9.37 % (n = 109) being review articles. Most MPX publications were in 2010, with 6.02 % (n = 70), followed by 2009 and 2022 at 5.67 % (n = 66) each. The USA was the country with the highest number of publications, with n = 662 (56.92 %) of total publications, followed by Germany with n = 82 (7.05 %), the UK with n = 74 (6.36 %), and Congo with n = 65 (5.59 %). Journal of Virology published the highest number of MPX publications, followed by Virology Journal and Emerging Infectious Diseases with n = 52 (9.25 %), n = 43 (7.65 %), and n = 32 (5.69 %) publications, respectively. The top contributing institutions were the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH)National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). Conclusion: Our analysis provides an objective and robust overview of the current literature on MPX and its global trends; this information could serve as a reference guide for those aiming to conduct further MPX-related research and as a source for those seeking information about MPX.
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    Home blood pressure monitoring: methodology, clinical relevance and practical application: a 2021 position paper by the Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability of the European Society of Hypertension
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2021) Parati, Gianfranco; Stergiou, George S.; Bilo, Grzegorz; Kollias, Anastasios; Pengo, Martino; Ochoa, Juan Eugenio; Agarwal, Rajiv; Asayama, Kei; Asmar, Roland; Burnier, Michel; De La Sierra, Alejandro; Giannattasio, Cristina; Gosse, Philippe; Head, Geoffrey; Hoshide, Satoshi; Imai, Yutaka; Kario, Kazuomi; Li, Yan; Manios, Efstathios; Mant, Jonathan; McManus, Richard J.; Mengden, Thomas; Mihailidou, Anastasia S.; Muntner, Paul; Myers, Martin; Niiranen, Teemu; Ntineri, Angeliki; O'Brien, Eoin; Octavio, José Andres; Ohkubo, Takayoshi; Omboni, Stefano; Padfield, Paul; Palatini, Paolo; Pellegrini, Dario; Postel-Vinay, Nicolas; Ramirez, Agustin J.; Sharman, James E.; Shennan, Andrew; Silva, Egle; Topouchian, Jirar; Torlasco, Camilla; Wang, Ji Guang; Weber, Michael A.; Whelton, Paul K.; White, William B.; Mancia, Giuseppe; Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability of the European Society of Hypertension; Medicine, School of Medicine
    The present paper provides an update of previous recommendations on Home Blood Pressure Monitoring from the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring and Cardiovascular Variability sequentially published in years 2000, 2008 and 2010. This update has taken into account new evidence in this field, including a recent statement by the American Heart association, as well as technological developments, which have occurred over the past 20 years. The present document has been developed by the same ESH Working Group with inputs from an international team of experts, and has been endorsed by the ESH.
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    The human preference for symmetric walking often disappears when one leg is constrained
    (The Physiological Society, 2021) Browne, Michael G.; Smock, Cameron S.; Roemmich, Ryan T.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    We hypothesized that minimization of metabolic power could drive people to walk asymmetrically when one leg is constrained We studied healthy young adults and independently constrained one or both step lengths to be markedly shorter or longer than preferred using visual feedback When one leg was constrained to take a shorter or longer step than preferred, asymmetric walking patterns were less metabolically costly than symmetric walking patterns When one leg was constrained to take a shorter or longer step than preferred and the other leg was allowed to move freely, most participants naturally adopted an asymmetric gait People may prefer to walk asymmetrically to minimize metabolic power when the function of one leg is constrained during fixed-speed treadmill walking ABSTRACT: The bilateral symmetry inherent in healthy human walking is often disrupted in clinical conditions that primarily affect one leg (e.g. stroke). This seems intuitive: with one leg constrained, gait becomes asymmetric. However, the emergence of asymmetry is not inevitable. Consider that symmetric walking could be preserved by matching the movement of the unconstrained leg to that of the constrained leg. While this is theoretically possible, it is rarely observed in clinical populations. Here, we hypothesized that minimization of metabolic power could drive people to walk asymmetrically when one leg is constrained, even when symmetric walking remains possible. We tested this hypothesis by performing two experiments in healthy adults. In Experiment 1, we constrained one step to be markedly shorter or longer than preferred. We observed that participants could significantly reduce metabolic power by adopting an asymmetric gait (one short/long step, one preferred step) rather than maintaining a symmetric gait (bilateral short/long steps). Indeed, when allowed to walk freely in this situation, participants naturally adopted a less effortful asymmetric gait. In Experiment 2, we applied a milder constraint that more closely approximated magnitudes of step length asymmetry that are observed in clinical populations. Responses in this experiment were more heterogeneous, though most participants adopted an asymmetric gait. These findings support two central conclusions: (1) symmetry is not necessarily energetically optimal in constrained human walking, and (2) people may prefer to walk asymmetrically to minimize metabolic power when one leg is constrained during fixed-speed treadmill walking, especially when the constraint is large.
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    Low Incidence of Aerodigestive Cancers in Patients With Negative Results From Colonoscopies, Regardless of Findings From Multitarget Stool DNA Tests
    (Elsevier, 2020) Berger, Barry M.; Kisiel, John B.; Imperiale, Thomas F.; Geenen, Daniel J.; Heigh, Russell I.; Mahoney, Douglas W.; Hilsden, Robert J.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background & aims: We aimed to compare the incidence of aerodigestive cancers in persons with negative results from colonoscopies and positive vs negative results from multitarget stool DNA tests for colorectal cancer and vs expected incidence. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1216 subjects with comprehensive patient records and/or cancer registry data from 3 medical centers in North America. Subjects had no neoplasia or only nonadvanced adenomas, based on screening colonoscopy, and either negative results (concordant with colonoscopy, n = 1011) or positive results (discordant colonoscopy, n = 205) from the multitarget stool DNA test. Outcomes included aerodigestive cancers in discordant vs concordant groups and comparison of observed aerodigestive cancer incidence between the groups and compared with expected incidence for the population, based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data. Results: Median follow-up times were comparable between subjects in the discordant (5.3 y; interquartile range, 3.5-5.8 y) and concordant (5.4 y; interquartile range, 3.7-5.8 y) groups. Aerodigestive cancers developed in 5 subjects in the discordant group vs 11 subjects in the concordant group (crude risk ratio, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.8-6.6; adjusted risk ratio, 2.2; 95% CI, 0.8-6.2; P = .151). The incidence of aerodigestive cancer was lower in the concordant group than the expected incidence based on SEER data (risk ratio, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.6; P = .0008). The incidence of aerodigestive cancer was not significantly greater in the population in the discordant group than the expected incidence based on SEER data (risk ratio, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.3-1.9; P = .599). Conclusions: In a retrospective study with a median follow-up time of 5.4 years, incident aerodigestive cancers were uncommon among subjects with negative findings from colonoscopies, regardless of discordant or concordant results from multitarget stool DNA tests. Patients with negative results from high-quality colonoscopies therefore should not undergo further testing.
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    Magnetic Levitation System: Senior Project Report
    (2021-05-05) Martin, Cody A.; Snyder, Zachary S.; Weissbach, Robert S.
    This magnetic levitation system is designed to levitate a steel ball using an electromagnet suspended above it. The project was sponsored by Dr. Robert Weissbach, Chair of the Department of Engineering Technology at the Purdue School of Engineering Technology at IUPUI. This project was undertaken by undergraduate students Cody Martin and Zachary Snyder. This magnetic levitation system uses closed loop control with a digital controller to accomplish levitation.
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    Multibody dynamics model of a full human body for simulating walking
    (2017-05) Khakpour, Zahra; El-Mounayri, Hazim
    Khakpour, Zahra M.S.M.E., Purdue University, May 2017. Multibody Dynamics Model of A Full Human Body For Simulating Walking, Major Professor: Hazim El-Mounayri. Bipedal robotics is a relatively new research area which is concerned with creating walking robots which have mobility and agility characteristics approaching those of humans. Also, in general, simulation of bipedal walking is important in many other applications such as: design and testing of orthopedic implants; testing human walking rehabilitation strategies and devices; design of equipment and facilities for human/robot use/interaction; design of sports equipment; and improving sports performance & reducing injury. One of the main technical challenges in that bipedal robotics area is developing a walking control strategy which results in a stable and balanced upright walking gait of the robot on level as well as non-level (sloped/rough) terrains. In this thesis the following aspects of the walking control strategy are developed and tested in a high-fidelity multibody dynamics model of a humanoid body model: 1. Kinematic design of a walking gait using cubic Hermite splines to specify the motion of the center of the foot. 2. Inverse kinematics to compute the legs joint angles necessary to generate the walking gait. 3. Inverse dynamics using rotary actuators at the joints with PD (Proportional-Derivative) controllers to control the motion of the leg links. The thee-dimensional multibody dynamics model is built using the DIS (Dynamic Interactions Simulator) code. It consists of 42 rigid bodies representing the legs, hip, spine, ribs, neck, arms, and head. The bodies are connected using 42 revolute joints with a rotational actuator along with a PD controller at each joint. A penalty normal contact force model along with a polygonal contact surface representing the bottom of each foot is used to model contact between the foot and the terrain. Friction is modeled using an asperity-based friction model which approximates Coulomb friction using a variable anchor-point spring in parallel with a velocity dependent friction law. In this thesis, it is assumed in the model that a balance controller already exists to ensure that the walking motion is balanced (i.e. that the robot does not tip over). A multi-body dynamic model of the full human body is developed and the controllers are designed to simulate the walking motion. This includes the design of the geometric model, development of the control system in kinematics approach, and the simulation setup.
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    Smart Manufacturing using Control and Optimization
    (2019-08) Nimmala, Harsha Naga Teja; Razban, Ali; Chen, Jie; Anwar, Sohel
    Energy management has become a major concern in the past two decades with the increasing energy prices, overutilization of natural resources and increased carbon emissions. According to the department of Energy the industrial sector solely consumes 22.4% of the energy produced in the country [1]. This calls for an urgent need for the industries to design and implement energy efficient practices by analyzing the energy consumption, electricity data and making use of energy efficient equipment. Although, utility companies are providing incentives to consumer participating in Demand Response programs, there isn’t an active implementation of energy management principles from the consumer’s side. Technological advancements in controls, automation, optimization and big data can be harnessed to achieve this which in other words is referred to as “Smart Manufacturing”. In this research energy management techniques have been designed for two SEU (Significant Energy Use) equipment HVAC systems, Compressors and load shifting in manufacturing environments using control and optimization. The addressed energy management techniques associated with each of the SEUs are very generic in nature which make them applicable for most of the industries. Firstly, the loads or the energy consuming equipment has been categorized into flexible and non-flexible loads based on their priority level and flexibility in running schedule. For the flexible loads, an optimal load scheduler has been modelled using Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) method that find carries out load shifting by using the predicted demand of the rest of the plant and scheduling the loads during the low demand periods. The cases of interruptible loads and non-interruptible have been solved to demonstrate load shifting. This essentially resulted in lowering the peak demand and hence cost savings for both “Time-of-Use” and Demand based price schemes. The compressor load sharing problem was next considered for optimal distribution of loads among VFD equipped compressors running in parallel to meet the demand. The model is based on MILP problem and case studies was carried out for heavy duty (>10HP) and light duty compressors (<=10HP). Using the compressor scheduler, there was about 16% energy and cost saving for the light duty compressors and 14.6% for the heavy duty compressors HVAC systems being one of the major energy consumer in manufacturing industries was modelled using the generic lumped parameter method. An Electroplating facility named Electro-Spec was modelled in Simulink and was validated using the real data that was collected from the facility. The Mean Absolute Error (MAE) was about 0.39 for the model which is suitable for implementing controllers for the purpose of energy management. MATLAB and Simulink were used to design and implement the state-of-the-art Model Predictive Control for the purpose of energy efficient control. The MPC was chosen due to its ability to easily handle Multi Input Multi Output Systems, system constraints and its optimal nature. The MPC resulted in a temperature response with a rise time of 10 minutes and a steady state error of less than 0.001. Also from the input response, it was observed that the MPC provided just enough input for the temperature to stay at the set point and as a result led to about 27.6% energy and cost savings. Thus this research has a potential of energy and cost savings and can be readily applied to most of the manufacturing industries that use HVAC, Compressors and machines as their primary energy consumer.