IUPUI Research Day 2015

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https://hdl.handle.net/1805/6250

A program book describing the Research Day 2015 events and posters is available from: http://hdl.handle.net/1805/9289.

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Partially Demineralized Macroporous (PDM) Allografts for Cranial Tissue Engineering
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Arman, Huseyin E.; Almousa, Rashed; Musgrove, Shamber; Syed, Javed; Wunderlin, Caitlin
Decompressive Craniectomy is a cranial surgery where a large part of the cranial bone is removed in order to mitigate swelling in the brain tissue. Consequently, a scaffold biomaterial is required to substitute the lost bone. Ideal cranioplasty biomaterials should have the following features: fit the cranial defect and achieve complete closure, radiolucency, resistance to infections, no dilation with heat, resistance to biomechanical wear, pliability, and inexpensive. Partially Demineralized Macroporous (PDM) allografts exhibit such properties to correct these cranial defects. The main objectives of this study include: (1) examining the effects of demineralization and macroporosity formations on the mechanical and biological properties of allograft bone disks; (2) conducting finite element analysis (FEA) to stimulate the mechanical properties of the PDM allografts; and (3) evaluating the in vitro response of the PDM allografts utilizing pre-osteoblast cell lines. Tibias were harvested from Ossabaw mini-pigs and cylindrical cortical bone sections of 2 mm in thickness and 8 mm in diameter were obtained. Macropores of 600 micrometers in diameter were created to generate porosity levels of 0-40% in the bone disks. The bone disks were then demineralized in 14-wt% EDTA for 6 to 48 hours at 37℃. The relative stiffness was determined for each class using a material testing machine with a loading rate of 1 mm/min using a piston-on-ring set up. To analyze the deformation characteristics, FEA software LS-DYNA was employed. In order to understand the in vitro response, biocompatibility of PDM scaffolds were evaluated by culturing MC3T3-E1 cell lines where XTT and ALP assays were conducted. PDM allografts display the suitable stiffness required for cranial defects. The PDM allograft scaffolds aid in osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblast cell lines in vitro. However, there will be further in vivo testing regarding the validity of PDM allografts in rat cranial defects. Mentor: Tien-Min Gabriel Chu, Department of Restorative DentistryDecompressive Craniectomy is a cranial surgery where a large part of the cranial bone is removed in order to mitigate swelling in the brain tissue. Consequently, a scaffold biomaterial is required to substitute the lost bone. Ideal cranioplasty biomaterials should have the following features: fit the cranial defect and achieve complete closure, radiolucency, resistance to infections, no dilation with heat, resistance to biomechanical wear, pliability, and inexpensive. Partially Demineralized Macroporous (PDM) allografts exhibit such properties to correct these cranial defects. The main objectives of this study include: (1) examining the effects of demineralization and macroporosity formations on the mechanical and biological properties of allograft bone disks; (2) conducting finite element analysis (FEA) to stimulate the mechanical properties of the PDM allografts; and (3) evaluating the in vitro response of the PDM allografts utilizing pre-osteoblast cell lines. Tibias were harvested from Ossabaw mini-pigs and cylindrical cortical bone sections of 2 mm in thickness and 8 mm in diameter were obtained. Macropores of 600 micrometers in diameter were created to generate porosity levels of 0-40% in the bone disks. The bone disks were then demineralized in 14-wt% EDTA for 6 to 48 hours at 37℃. The relative stiffness was determined for each class using a material testing machine with a loading rate of 1 mm/min using a piston-on-ring set up. To analyze the deformation characteristics, FEA software LS-DYNA was employed. In order to understand the in vitro response, biocompatibility of PDM scaffolds were evaluated by culturing MC3T3-E1 cell lines where XTT and ALP assays were conducted. PDM allografts display the suitable stiffness required for cranial defects. The PDM allograft scaffolds aid in osteogenic proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblast cell lines in vitro. However, there will be further in vivo testing regarding the validity of PDM allografts in rat cranial defects.
CHEMICAL GENOMICS CORE FACILITY
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Chen, Lan; Wu, Li; Gunawan, Andrea; Zhang, Zhong-Yin
The Chemical Genomics Core Facility (CGCF) is a shared facility of the IU Simon Cancer Center and IU School of Medicine. The mission of CGCF is to provide excellence and innovation in high throughput screening (HTS) and medicinal chemistry. The core is fully equipped for automated high throughput screening and modern chemical synthesis. We have a series of state-of-art liquid handling robots, a variety of plate readers capable of measuring absorbance, fluorescence, fluorescence polarization, luminescence, time-resolved fluorescence and AlphaLISA. We have recently acquired a high content analysis (HCA or HCS) platform, which greatly enhanced our capability in image based cellular assays. Facility for chemical synthesis includes different HPLCs, LC-MS, NMR, flushing column systems, peptide synthesizer and microwave reactor. Our compound collection is about 230,000 including structurally diverse, pharmacophore-rich drug-like compounds, known drugs and bioactives, natural products and their derivatives. As the first core facility of its kind to be established in an academic setting in Indiana, we have a proven record of providing screening expertise and synthetic service to researchers across Indiana and beyond. This shared facility enables investigators to discover small molecule tools for basic research, therapeutic development and diagnostic applications. The CGCF has been designed to be highly flexible in order to meet the needs of multiple users employing a range of assays. Facility staff works closely with each investigator through all stages of the drug discovery process, providing an opportunity for students and fellows to gain experience and training in high throughput screening and medicinal chemistry at the facility.
Developing Intelligent Negotiation System
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Singh, Amandeep; Dhaliwal, GaganPal Singh; Dudani, Raviraj; Patil, Suyog; Hossain, Gahangir
Abstract Negotiation has become an important aspect of our daily lives. Humans negotiate over a phone, face to face meeting and verbal and non-verbal activities. With the advent of intelligence system research, the requirement of efficient negotiation system became a prime issue. It has a number of applications including collaborating cyber human interaction, e-commerce negotiation and intelligent shared behavior study. Adapting game theory of mind concept in intelligent negotiation protocol implementation may make the future cyber system robust, social and adaptive. Keeping in mind the user’s policies and an intention to gain the maximum profit, we introduced the hybrid negotiation system to make a system robust and more useful. User’s intention to gain the maximum profit is considered important to figure out the opponent’s policies so that the system can make a right automatic decision. Based on our initial literature review, game theory of mind can be a good choice in sub-optimal intelligent negotiation system design. Therefore, a system based on game theory of mind is under design process that is being evaluated on Yahoo marketing data set.
Electrochemical Model Based Fault Diagnosis of Lithium Ion Batteries
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Rahman, Ashiqur; Anwar, Sohel; Izadian, Afshin
Rechargeable Li-Ion battery used in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) operates under fluctuating current demands. During operation, battery can experience several conditions, i.e. overcharge, over discharge as well as degraded performance due to aging etc. Under these varying operating conditions, battery chemistry changes due to a change in different electrochemical properties. There can be situations (faults) when the parameter changes can be significant and may cause both performance degradation and physical damage. Due to the above reasons, a Battery Management System (BMS) that constantly monitors battery operating conditions and takes corrective actions when needed is necessary. Accurate and reliable fault detection is an integral part of an onboard BMS of any EV or HEV. We present an innovative approach to the fault detection of li-ion battery. Here we present an electrochemical model based fault diagnosis method via multiple model adaptive estimation (MMAE) technique for a li-ion battery. The observer used in this study is based on partial differential algebraic equation (PDAE). As the modeling is based on more realistic mathematical model of the battery chemistry, fault detection can be regarded as more reliable while compared with other available methodologies. The model was simulated under the real time battery load current profile, i.e. UDDS, US06 and HWFET etc. Simulation results show that, the proposed method of fault detection is accurate and reliable.
Emotional Expression: Novel Measures and Relation to Emotion Recognition in Schizotypy
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Martin, Kelsey E.; Minor, Kyle S.
This study investigated emotional expression and emotion recognition in a psychometric schizotypy sample of individuals with subclinical traits which are related to psychotic disorders. Both emotional expression and emotion recognition have been observed to be diminished in schizotypy, although there is conflicting evidence when considering of multiple studies. Using a novel measure of emotional expression that relies upon observation informed by objective criteria as well as utilizing facial recognition software, the study proposes three main hypotheses: 1) Emotion recognition skill will be poorer and the frequency and average magnitude of emotional expression will be lower in the schizotypy group compared to the non-schizotypy group; 2) Facial recognition software will demonstrate high convergent validity with the observational measure; 3) Emotion recognition skill will be positively correlated with levels of emotional expression, as measured by observer ratings and software, in both schizotypy and nonschizotypy groups. For each of these hypotheses, there is no expected variation with regards to any specific basic emotion (happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, anger, or disgust), and tests will determine if this prediction is supported. Participants with schizotypy (n = 17) and without (n =14) completed an emotion recognition measure and a semi-structured interview which was video recorded. This video was processed through both measures. Data analysis is still in process, with preliminary results showing small differences between groups in emotional expression for negative affect only.
A Novel Quality Assessment for Visual Secret Sharing
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Jiang, Feng; King, Brian
There is a variety of visual data, such as pictures, text, military or medical records, biometric patterns, etc. that need to be protected for privacy reasons. Visual secrets are different from textual secrets, in that the information obtained by perceiving the visual data needs to be protected. Visual secret sharing (or visual cryptography) [1] proposed in 1994 is a practical solution to this. The secret information is encrypted by hiding it into random looking shares. The secret data is encrypted in such a way that the decryption becomes a physical operation that is performed without computer. How much of the secret information can be retrieved depends on the visual quality of the decryption result. However, there is no practical tool for visual quality evaluation currently. The common visual quality metrics such as contrast [2], blackness [3], PSNR [4] and SSIM [5] cannot represent the visual quality properly as we demonstrate in our work. A fair and uniform visual quality metric is needed urgently. We propose a novel approach for visual quality evaluation. It is straightforward to implement and applicable to various applications in visual cryptography.
“Oh, Snap! The State of E-Discovery as Social Media Goes Mobile via Snapchat, WhatsApp and Other Messaging Apps”
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Faklaris, Cori; Hook, Sara Anne
With the series of decisions in Zubulake v. UBS Warburg1-4 and the revisions to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure5, a new field within legal practice appeared, the law regarding electronic discovery (e-discovery). Although the phase of litigation known as discovery has existed for many years, with opposing parties and their lawyers making requests and exchanging documents that are relevant to a case, e-discovery transformed this process from the paper-based, pre-Internet world of discovery to a whole series of rules and decisions related to how to identify, collect, preserve, analyze, review, produce and present electronically-stored information (ESI). Not only is this evidence in digital form, but it also exists a wide range of media and formats, from word processing and spreadsheet files to photographs, blog postings, videos, emails and websites. More recently, debates and court decisions have focused on electronically stored information that is posted on social media sites such as Facebook as well as more informal and transient communications involving text messages and new vendor services for mobile devices, such as WhatsApp and Snapchat. As the researchers will demonstrate through current cases, each new technology that generates electronically-stored information is an opportunity to trace its path through the phases of the e-discovery process, to note the legal, technological, logistical and ethical issues at each phase and to consider any special challenges that lawyers and their support teams might face. This research is particularly timely, given that the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure are being significantly revised again, based on a May 2010 conference on civil litigation at Duke University and more than 2,300 comments from interested practitioners and academics since then.6 Among the revised rules that will become effective on December 1, 2015, if approved by the U.S. Supreme Court and Congress, are several that directly impact electronically-stored information, including Rules 16, 26, 34 and 37, with the goal of making the e-discovery process more efficient and less burdensome and costly.
Functional MRI Assessment of Renal Fibrosis in Rat Models
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Jiang, Lei; Lin, Chen; Territo, Paul R; Riley, Amanda; McCarthy, Brian; Molitoris, Bruce A.; Hutchins, Gary D.
Introduction Renal fibrosis is a common consequence of chronic kidney diseases which affects a large population. Therefore, it is important to establish imaging based noninvasive biomarkers to monitor the progression or regression of renal fibrosis instead of biopsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could provide both high spatial resolution and excellent tissue contrast for visualization of kidney morphology. Moreover, MRI is capable of assessing pseudo perfusion (Df) and perfusion fraction (Pf) with intra-voxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging (1), tissue oxygenation with T2* mapping (2), macromolecular composition with T1rho imaging (3) and kidney function (eGFR) with dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) imaging (4). This study is aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of these MRI techniques to the renal fibrotic changes in a rat model. Methods A total of 4 rats were scanned at early (2-5 days) and late (25-35 days) time points after surgical intervention (unilateral ureteral obstruction to induce renal fibrosis) on a Siemens Tim Trio 3T scanner using an 80mm inner diameter 8-channel rat body coil (RAPID, USA) under a stable anesthetized condition. Axial images of 80mm FOV, 2mm slice thick and sub-millimeter in-place resolution were acquired for different functional MRI techniques with following parameters, respectively: IVIM with10 b-values of 0 - 750 s/mm2. T2*: with 10 TEs of 8 - 66 ms; T1rho: with 9 TSL times of 5 - 80 ms; DCE: with150 dynamic measurements at a temporal resolution of 1.01 s. before and after a 15s injection of 1.1 ml GD-DTPA through rat tail with a power injector. Functional data were processed and analyzed using custom MATLAB programs or analysis tools installed in the MRI console workstation. Results Figure 1 shows an anatomical image of the obstructed (R) and healthy (L) rat kidneys. Figures 2-4 show example T1rho map, IVIM Df map, and T2* map, respectively. Quantitative results based on ROI measurements are summarized in table 1. Changes consistent with the expected progression of fibrosis were observed in the obstructed kidney (R) while the healthy kidney (L) and muscle region remained stable. Figure 5 shows the DCE-MRI images at baseline as well as 45s, 95s and 240s after contrast infusion. The timing and intensity of signal changes are clearly different between two kidneys. Quantitative results of DCE-MRI data and comparison with PET study is reported in a separate abstract. Discussion High quality anatomical and functional images of rat kidney can be obtained on a clinical 3.0T MR scanner with dedicated small animal coils and optimized imaging techniques. The findings suggest that IVIM, T2*, T1rho and DCE can be used to assess and monitor different aspects of physiological changes in kidney fibrosis.
Adverse Childhood Events, Empathy, and Altruism
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Le, Ava; Mahurin, Emily; Zarins, Sasha
With a growing prevalence of adverse treatment of children, it is important to look into the longterm effects of negative childhood experiences – specifically their capacities for empathic concern and helping behavior. Empathy is the tendency to read and interpret others’ emotions. Long-term outcomes of adverse childhood events (ACE) include a host of mental health disorders. Other studies have found that, on the other hand, ACE is correlated to an increase in empathy. Previous studies have also indicated that stress can increase prosocial behavior; the latter seems to function in offsetting the effects of the former. Clarification can be found in a motivational process model, which theorizes that experiencing ACE increases one’s motivation to help others who may experience the same circumstances. While ACE may indeed initially result in a blunting of affect, successfully overcoming the effects of these events often leads to a desire to change outcomes for others. 836 adults (72.5% female) completed an online survey that included the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Adverse Childhood Events scale, and the altruistic behaviors scale. In line with previous research, both Adverse Childhood Events, r=.155, p<.001, and empathic concern, r=.188, p<.001, are positively correlated with altruism. However, there is little research that determines the link between adverse childhood events and empathy. Not only are empathic concern, B=.153, p=<.001, and the experience of adverse childhood events, B=.190, p<.001, positively associated with altruism, but there is a strong interaction affect between empathic concern and adverse childhood events, B=.107, p=.002. In other words, the interaction between empathic concern and a history of adverse childhood events is positively associated with altruism. Most research on factors associated with altruism has focused on simple main effects. However, by exploring interaction effects, we can better determine what types of people are more likely to behave altruistically.
More Than Just Fun: Engaging African American and Latina Females in Relevant STEM Curriculum
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Starks, Brianna A.; Morton, Crystal
When examining students’ mathematics and science achievement, research shows that student’ attitudes towards mathematics and science may be more or equally important than the amount of effort. This study explores the impact of a summer science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) enrichment camp, implementing a socially-transformative based curriculum, on African-American and Latina females’ confidence and attitudes towards mathematics and science. This study utilized qualitative and quantitative research methods to explore the primary research question, how does participation in a summer enrichment STEM camp impact the mathematical and scientific confidence of African American and Latina females? Preliminary findings show that African-American and Latina females’ experiences in the STEM enrichment camp have either: (1) positively impacted their confidence in mathematics or (2) caused them maintain their current level of confidence in mathematics.

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