IU Columbus Division of Science Scholarship

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Where to take a study break on the college campus: An attention restoration theory perspective
(Elsevier, 2009-03) Felsten, Gary
College students spend much of their time on campus engaged in activities that require sustained directed attention, which may lead to attention fatigue. They would benefit from campus settings that provide effective restoration breaks and allow them to return to their work cognitively refreshed. Studies have found direct exposure to nature, viewing nature through windows, and viewing images of nature are restorative. In the present study, college students, instructed to imagine themselves cognitively fatigued, rated the perceived restorativeness of indoor campus settings that varied by view of nature: some had no views of nature, some had window views of nature with built structures present, and some had views of simulated nature depicted as large nature murals. Students rated settings with views of dramatic nature murals, especially those with water, more restorative than settings with window views of real, but mundane nature with built structures present. Students rated settings that lacked views of real or simulated nature least restorative. The findings suggest that large nature murals in indoor settings used for study breaks may provide attentionally fatigued students with opportunities for restoration when views of nature are unavailable or limited in restorative potential.
Stress reactivity and vulnerability to depressed mood in college students
(Elsevier, 2004-03) Felsten, Gary
Two studies reported here found that in response to common, minor stressors, stress reactivity (defined as mean stress per stressor) was a stronger predictor than total stress of depressed mood in traditional and nontraditional college men and women. A prospective study found individual reactivity scores varied over time, but relationships between stress and depressed mood held across four monthly assessments. Stress reactivity also accounted for more incremental variance in depressed mood than total stress after controlling for previous depressed mood. When students in the cross-sectional study were classified into reactivity groups, scores for depressed mood increased steadily for students in the very low through high reactivity groups, as did percentages of students with depressed mood scores that might indicate depression in normal populations. This study also found that stress reactivity was more strongly correlated than total stress with neuroticism and its facets (or traits) of depression, anxiety, and vulnerability to stress in the five-factor model of personality. Taken together, these studies suggest that elevated stress reactivity to minor stressors may indicate diminished ability to cope with everyday challenges and may predict increased vulnerability to depressed mood in a normal population.
Minor stressors and depressed mood: reactivity is more strongly correlated than total stress
(John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2002-04) Felsten, Gary
This study evaluated how strongly total stress and stress reactivity to minor stressors were correlated with depressed mood in traditional and non-traditional college women (n = 146). Stress reactivity, which was conceptualized as mean stress per stressor, accounted more strongly than number of potentially stressful encounters for total stress, and was more strongly correlated than total stress with symptoms of depressed mood, after controlling for initial depressed mood and neuroticism. Reactivity was associated with greater use of avoidance coping and higher levels of neuroticism, which suggest that it may represent a stable individual difference and possibly serve as a predictor of depressed mood, especially in response to minor stressors.
Personality Development at Work: Workplace Conditions, Personality Changes, and the Corresponsive Principle
(2014) Le, Kimdy; Donnellan, M. Brent; Conger, Rand
Investigations concerning adult personality development have increasingly focused on factors that are associated with apparent personality trait changes. The current study contributes to this literature by replicating and extending previous research concerning personality trait development in young adulthood and perceptions of workplace conditions. Analyses were based on up to 442 individuals who participated in the ongoing Family Transitions Project (e.g., Conger & Conger, 2002). The current analyses included personality trait data from 1994 and 2003, high school grades and socioeconomic status indicators from 1994, and reports about work conditions in 2001, 2003, and 2005. Personality attributes were prospectively associated with work conditions and income. Findings also support the corresponsive principle of personality development (e.g., Roberts, Caspi, & Moffitt, 2003): Traits that were prospectively associated with particular workplace conditions often seemed to be accentuated by those conditions. Personality traits are prospectively associated with perceptions of the workplace. Workplace conditions are also associated with trait development.
Ephemeroptera of Canada
(ARPHA, 2019-01-24) Jacobus, Luke M.; IUPUIC Division of Science
Thus far, 335 currently valid species in 82 genera and 21 families of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) have been documented from Canada, remarkably representing a little more than half of the combined species richness of Canada, Mexico and the USA. The current known species richness for Canada represents an increase of 11.3% as compared to that reported in 1979. Species richness is greatest in the families Heptageniidae (83), Baetidae (76) and Ephemerellidae (45). A total of 328 DNA Barcode Index Numbers (BINs) are available for Canadian mayfly species. The greatest net gains anticipated for future species tallies are for Baetidae (25), Heptageniidae (10) and Leptophlebiidae (10). A total of 66 more species overall is anticipated for Canada, with greatest gains potentially coming from lentic habitats across Canada and from far eastern and far western areas in general. However, even metropolitan areas should not be overlooked for the potential of discovery.
Mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and Their Contributions to Ecosystem Services
(MDPI, 2019-06-14) Jacobus, Luke M.; Macadam, Craig R.; Sartori, Michel; Division of Science, IUPUI Columbus
This work is intended as a general and concise overview of Ephemeroptera biology, diversity, and services provided to humans and other parts of our global array of freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. The Ephemeroptera, or mayflies, are a small but diverse order of amphinotic insects associated with liquid freshwater worldwide. They are nearly cosmopolitan, except for Antarctica and some very remote islands. The existence of the subimago stage is unique among extant insects. Though the winged stages do not have functional mouthparts or digestive systems, the larval, or nymphal, stages have a variety of feeding approaches-including, but not limited to, collector-gatherers, filterers, scrapers, and active predators-with each supported by a diversity of morphological and behavioral adaptations. Mayflies provide direct and indirect services to humans and other parts of both freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. In terms of cultural services, they have provided inspiration to musicians, poets, and other writers, as well as being the namesakes of various water- and aircraft. They are commemorated by festivals worldwide. Mayflies are especially important to fishing. Mayflies contribute to the provisioning services of ecosystems in that they are utilized as food by human cultures worldwide (having one of the highest protein contents of any edible insect), as laboratory organisms, and as a potential source of antitumor molecules. They provide regulatory services through their cleaning of freshwater. They provide many essential supporting services for ecosystems such as bioturbation, bioirrigation, decomposition, nutrition for many kinds of non-human animals, nutrient cycling and spiraling in freshwaters, nutrient cycling between aquatic and terrestrial systems, habitat for other organisms, and serving as indicators of ecosystem health. About 20% of mayfly species worldwide might have a threatened conservation status due to influences from pollution, invasive alien species, habitat loss and degradation, and climate change. Even mitigation of negative influences has benefits and tradeoffs, as, in several cases, sustainable energy production negatively impacts mayflies.
Brief Report: Reduced Temporal-Central EEG Alpha Coherence During Joint Attention Perception in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
(Springer, 2016-04) Jaime, Mark; McMahon, Camilla M.; Davidson, Bridget C.; Newell, Lisa C.; Mundy, Peter C.; Henderson, Heather A.; Science, IUPUI Columbus
Although prior studies have demonstrated reduced resting state EEG coherence in adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), no studies have explored the nature of EEG coherence during joint attention. We examined the EEG coherence of the joint attention network in adolescents with and without ASD during congruent and incongruent joint attention perception and an eyes-open resting condition. Across conditions, adolescents with ASD showed reduced right hemisphere temporal-central alpha coherence compared to typically developing adolescents. Greater right temporal-central alpha coherence during joint attention was positively associated with social cognitive performance in typical development but not in ASD. These results suggest that, in addition to a resting state, EEG coherence during joint attention perception is reduced in ASD.
An EEG based Channel Optimized Classification Approach for Autism Spectrum Disorder
(IEEE, 2019) Haputhanthri, Dilantha; Brihadiswaran, Gunavaran; Gunathilaka, Sahan; Meedeniya, Dulani; Jayawardena, Yasith; Jayarathna, Sampath; Jaime, Mark; IUPUC Division of Science
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition which affects a person's cognition and behaviour. It is a lifelong condition which cannot be cured completely using any intervention to date. However, early diagnosis and follow-up treatments have a major impact on autistic people. Unfortunately, the current diagnostic practices, which are subjective and behaviour dependent, delay the diagnosis at an early age and makes it harder to distinguish autism from other developmental disorders. Several works of literature explore the possible behaviour-independent measures to diagnose ASD. Abnormalities in EEG can be used as reliable biomarkers to diagnose ASD. This work presents a low-cost and straightforward diagnostic approach to classify ASD based on EEG signal processing and learning models. Possibilities to use a minimum number of EEG channels have been explored. Statistical features are extracted from noise filtered EEG data before and after Discrete Wavelet Transform. Relevant features and EEG channels were selected using correlation-based feature selection. Several learning models and feature vectors have been studied and possibilities to use the minimum number of EEG channels have also been explored. Using Random Forest and Correlation-based Feature Selection, an accuracy level of 93% was obtained.
New Ohio and Indiana Records of Aquatic Insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Coleoptera: Elmidae, Diptera: Chironomidae)
(2019) Bolton, Michael J.; Macy, Sarah K.; DeWalt, R. Edward; Jacobus, Luke M.; IUPUC Division of Science
New state records and additional locations for rarely collected species are reported for Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies), Trichoptera (caddisflies), Coleoptera: Elmidae (riffle beetles), and Diptera: Chironomidae (chironomids, non-biting midges, midges). These specimen records result primarily from Ohio Environmental Protection Agency biomonitoring of Ohio streams and from records found in the Purdue University Entomological Research Collection and the Illinois Natural History Survey Insect Collection; a few records were derived from material housed in two other collections. New state records for Ohio consist of the mayflies Acentrella rallatoma Burian & Myers, Acerpenna pygmaea (Hagen), Anafroptilum album (McDunnough), Anafroptilum minor group species 1, Anafroptilum minor group species 2, Anafroptilum victoriae (McDunnough), Heterocloeon (Jubilatum) species B McCafferty et al., Heterocloeon (Jubilatum) species D McCafferty et al., Labiobaetis longipalpus (Morihara & McCafferty), Plauditus punctiventris (McDunnough), Ephemera guttulata Pictet, Habrophlebia vibrans Needham, and Anthopotamus verticis (Say); the stonefly Isoperla frisoni Illies; the caddisflies Brachycentrus nigrosoma (Banks), Homoplectra doringa (Milne), Ceraclea nepha (Ross), and Fabria inornata (Banks); the riffle beetle Oulimnius nitidulus (LeConte); and the chironomids Cricotopus (Isocladius) sp. “Ozarks” Epler, Cricotopus (Isocladius) sp. “Santa Fe” Epler, Fittkauimyia sp. [probably F. serta (Roback)], Parakiefferiella sp. F Epler, and Saetheria hirta Sæther. A previous report of the mayfly Macdunnoa persimplex (McDunnough) from the Ohio River, adjacent to Ohio, is substantiated with record data. The caddisfly Goerita betteni Ross is confirmed in Ohio. New state records for Indiana consist of the mayflies Heterocloeon (Jubilatum) species D McCafferty et al. and Leucrocuta walshi (McDunnough) and the chironomids Cricotopus (Isocladius) sp. “Ozarks” and Fittkauimyia sp. [probably F. serta (Roback)]. Recent Indiana records of the mayflies Homoeoneuria ammophila (Spieth) and Pentagenia vittigera (Walsh) are also included because these species are rarely collected and most existing records are old. These records represent significant range extensions north for Cricotopus (Isocladius) sp. “Santa Fe” Epler, Fittkauimyia sp. [probably F. serta (Roback)], Parakiefferiella sp. F Epler, and Saetheria hirta Sæther.
Book Review—My Life with a Theory: John L. Holland’s Autobiography and Theory of Careers
(NBCC, 2021-01) Carr, Darrin; IUPUC Division of Science

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