Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health

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Bibliography -- Burney’s Burney: Leroy Edgar Burney (1906-1998)
(2006-05-18T14:26:45Z) Jay, Stephen J. M.D.
Bibliography of Dr. Stephen Jay M.D.'s essay on Leroy Edgar Burney, former U.S. Surgeon General and Commissioner of the Indiana State Board of Health.
Burney’s Burney: Leroy Edgar Burney (1906-1998)
(2006-05-18T14:36:12Z) Jay, Stephen J. M.D.
Dr. Stephen Jay M.D. documents the career of public health pioneer Leroy Edgar Burney in a 2002-2003 Indianapolis Literary Club essay. Indiana native Burney launched public health campaigns that educated communities on venereal diseases and smoking cessation. Offices held by Burney include Commissioner of the Indiana State Board of Health and U.S. Surgeon General.
Conscientious objection in the healing professions: a readers' guide to the ethical and social issues
(One Health: Information in an Interdependent World. Medical Library Association Annual Meeting and Exhibition; 2013 May 6-8; Boston, MA. http://www.mlanet.org/am/am2013/, 2013-05-07) Odell, Jere D.; Comer, Amber (Malcolm); Rua, Avril N.; Abhyankar, Rahul
What is a health care provider to do when they find that their moral integrity is at odds with professional expectations? Should a nurse with religious objections to assisted reproduction be asked to stop working in obstetrics and gynecology? Can a pharmacist with moral objections to emergency contraception refer a patient to a colleague without being complicit in a perceived moral wrong doing? Should religious organizations be required to provide or pay for objectionable health services? When is a patient's health and well-being more important than a professional's moral integrity? Here we: 1) describe a collaboration between a medical librarian and the Indiana University (IU) Conscience Project 2) outline the subject of conscientious objection in the healing professions, and 3) introduce a new readers' guide on the topic.
Promotion and tenure for community-engaged research: An examination of promotion and tenure support for community-engaged research at three universities collaborating through a Clinical and Translational Science Award
(http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cts.12061, 2013-06-06) Marrero, David G.; Hardwick, Emily J.; Staten, Lisa K.; Savaiano, Dennis A.; Odell, Jere D.; Frederickson, Karen; Saha, Chandan
Introduction. Community engaged health research, an approach to research which includes the participation of communities, promotes the translation of research to address and improve social determinants of health. As a way to encourage community engaged research, the National Institutes of Health required applicants to the Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA) to include a community engagement component. Although grant-funding may support an increase in community engaged research, faculty also respond to the rewards and demands of university promotion and tenure standards. This paper measures faculty perception of how three institutions funded by a CTSA support community engaged research in the promotion and tenure process. Methods: At three institutions funded by a CTSA, tenure track and non-tenure track faculty responded to a survey regarding perceptions of how promotion and tenure committees value community engaged research. Results: Faculty view support for community engaged research with some reserve. Only 36% agree that community engaged research is valued in the promotion and tenure process. Discussion: Encouraging community engaged scholarship requires changing the culture and values behind promotion and tenure decisions. Institutions will increase community engaged research and more faculty will adopt its principles, when it is rewarded by promotion and tenure committees.
The selection of high-impact health informatics literature: a comparison of results between the content expert and the expert searcher
(http://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.proxy.medlib.iupui.edu/pmc/articles/PMC2706443/, 2009-07) Whipple, Elizabeth C.; McGowan, Julie J.; Dixon, Brian E.; Zafar, Atif
BACKGROUND: The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) National Resource Center for Health Information Technology (NRC) created the Health IT Bibliography that contains peer-reviewed articles in eleven different health informatics categories. To create the bibliography, informatics experts identified what they considered the seminal articles in each category. METHODS:Using the same eleven categories, an expert searcher (librarian) compiled a list of the "best" health informatics articles using information seeking and retrieval tools. The two sets of articles were then compared using high citation counts as a measure of value. RESULTS: The expert searcher set (8,230) contained more than 3 times the citations to chosen articles compared to the content expert set (2,382). Of 60 articles, 27% of those articles (n = 16) were included in both sets. The frequently cited journals were similar for both sets, and one-third of the same authors were cited in both sets. DISCUSSION: While citation counts and the timeliness of the articles differed in the two sets, the same authors and same journals were frequently present in both sets. CONCLUSION: A best practice for locating high-quality articles may be collaboration between expert searchers and content experts.
Improving Medication Adherence for Chronic Disease Using Integrated e-Technologies
(2013) Dixon, Brian E.; Jabour, Abdulrahman M.; Phillips, Erin O'Kelly; Marrero, David G.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease affecting more than 285 people worldwide and the fourth leading cause of death. Increasing evidence suggests that many DM patients have poor adherence with prescribed medication therapies, impacting clinical outcomes. Patients' barriers to medication adherence and the extent to which barriers contribute to poor outcomes, however, are not routinely assessed. We designed a dashboard for an electronic health record system to integrate DM disease and medication data, including patient-reported barriers to adherence. Processes to support routine capture of data from patients are also being explored. The dashboard is being evaluated at multiple ambulatory clinics to examine whether integrated electronic tools can support patient-centered decision-making processes involving complex medication regimens for DM and other chronic diseases.
Linking Health Information Technology to Patient Safety and Quality Outcomes: A Bibliometric Analysis and Review
(http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/17538157.2012.678451, 2013-01) Whipple, Elizabeth C.; Dixon, Brian E.; McGowan, Julie J.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the scholarly output of grants funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) that published knowledge relevant to the impact of health information technologies on patient safety and quality of care outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: We performed a bibliometric analysis of the identified scholarly articles, their journals, and citations. In addition, we performed a qualitative review of the full-text articles and grant documents. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION METHODS: Papers published by AHRQ-funded investigators were retrieved from MEDLINE, journal impact factors were extracted from the 2010 Thompson Reuters Journal Citation Report, citations were retrieved from ISI's Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Seventy-two articles met the criteria for review. Most articles addressed one or more of AHRQ's outcome goals and focus priorities. The average impact factor for the journals was 4.005 (range: 0.654-28.899). The articles, and their respective grants, represented a broad range of health information technologies. CONCLUSIONS: This set of AHRQ-funded research projects addressed the goals and priorities of AHRQ, indicating notable contributions to the scientific knowledge base on the impact of information system use in healthcare.
An investigation of modifying effects of metallothionein single-nucleotide polymorphisms on the association between mercury exposure and biomarker levels
(2012-04) Wang, Yi; Goodrich, Jaclyn M.; Gillespie, Brenda; Werner, Robert; Basu, Niladri; Franzblau, Alfred
BACKGROUND: Recent studies have suggested that several genes that mediate mercury metabolism are polymorphic in humans. OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in metallothionein (MT) genes may underlie interindividual differences in mercury biomarker levels. We studied the potential modifying effects of MT SNPs on mercury exposure-biomarker relationships. METHODS: We measured total mercury in urine and hair samples of 515 dental professionals. We also surveyed occupational and personal exposures to dental amalgam and dietary fish consumption, from which daily methylmercury (MeHg) intake was estimated. Log-transformed urine and hair levels were modeled in multivariable linear regression separately against respective exposure surrogates, and the effect modification of 13 MT SNPs on exposure was investigated. RESULTS: The mean mercury levels in urine (1.06 µg/L) and hair (0.51 µg/g) were not significantly different from the U.S. general population (0.95 µg/L and 0.47 µg/g, respectively). The mean estimated daily MeHg intake was 0.084 µg/kg/day (range, 0-0.98 µg/kg/day), with 25% of study population intakes exceeding the current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency reference dose of 0.1 µg/kg/day. Multivariate regression analysis showed that subjects with the MT1M (rs2270837) [corrected] AA genotype (n = 10) or the MT2A (rs10636) CC genotype (n = 42) had lower urinary mercury levels than did those with the MT1M or MT2A GG genotype (n = 329 and 251, respectively) after controlling for exposure and potential confounders. After controlling for MeHg intake, subjects with MT1A (rs8052394) GA and GG genotypes (n = 24) or the MT1M (rs9936741) TT genotype (n = 459) had lower hair mercury levels than did subjects with MT1A AA (n = 113) or MT1M TC and CC genotypes (n = 15), respectively. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that some MT genetic polymorphisms may influence mercury biomarker concentrations at levels of exposure relevant to the general population.
An Investigation of Modifying Effects of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Metabolism-related Genes on the Relationship between Peripheral Nerve Function and Mercury Levels in Urine and Hair
(2012-02) Wang, Yi; Goodrich, Jaclyn M.; Werner, Robert; Gillespie, Brenda; Basu, Niladri; Franzblau, Alfred
Mercury (Hg) is a potent neurotoxicant. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes coding glutathione-related proteins, selenoproteins and metallothioneins may modify the relationship of mercury biomarkers with changes in peripheral nerve function. Dental professionals (n=515) were recruited in 2009 and 2010. Sensory nerve function (onset latency, peak latency and amplitude) of the median, ulnar and sural nerves was recorded. Samples of urine, hair and DNA were collected. Covariates related to demographics, nerve function and elemental and methyl-mercury exposure were also collected. Subjects included 244 dentists (47.4%) and 269 non-dentists (52.2%; mostly dental hygienists and dental assistants). The mean mercury levels in urine (1.06 μg/L) and hair (0.51 μg/g) were not significantly different from the US general population (0.95 μg/L and 0.47 μg/g, respectively). In multivariate linear models predicting nerve function adjusting for covariates, only 3 out of a total of 504 models showed stable and statistically significant interaction of SNPs with mercury biomarkers. Overall, given the possibility of false positives, the results suggested little evidence of effect modification of the SNPs on the relationship between mercury biomarkers with peripheral nerve function at exposure levels that are relevant to the general US population.
Agreement between Clinical Screening Procedures for Neuropathy in the Feet
(2012-05) Wang, Yi; Goodrich, Jaclyn M.; Werner, Robert; Gillespie, Brenda; Basu, Niladri; Franzblau, Alfred
INTRODUCTION: The correlation between monofilament testing, symptom surveys, and electrodiagnostic studies for the diagnosis of axonal polyneuropathy has not been well studied. This investigation was done to assess the agreement between these procedures in a non-random sample of volunteers. METHODS: The procedures evaluated included electrodiagnostic tests of the sural nerve, monofilament testing of the great toe, a symptom survey, and a body diagram. Kappa coefficients and sensitivity and specificity, using nerve conduction as a "gold standard," were used to determine the agreement between various combinations of procedures. RESULTS: Poor agreement (kappa values -0.12-0.44) and sensitivity (sensitivity <30%) were found for all combinations of symptoms and monofilament results in comparison with sural peak latency and amplitude. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the results demonstrated a low discriminatory power for the screening procedures for identifying persons with impaired sural nerve function. The results highlight the need for further development and evaluation of screening methods for distal neuropathy in population-based studies.

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