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Barbara Flynn
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Barbara Flynn has a global outlook. Her large-scale research project collects data from manufacturers in 12 countries. It allows plant managers to compare the practices and performance of their plants with other plants in their industry, both in their country and with their global competitors. The data includes practices and performance related to accounting, quality management, technology management, human resource management, strategy, shop floor control and a variety of other areas. Data has been collected from some of the best plants in the U.S., Japan, China, Germany and other countries. It has been used as the foundation for many individual studies that address topics of interest to managers.
Through the provision of detailed feedback reports, participating managers are able to benchmark their practices and performance with that of other plants in their industry, both in their country and in the world. Dr. Flynn believes the best research is based on solving real world problems. Her translational research combines a rigorous methodology and strong theoretical foundation with examination of practical problems that are important to the U.S. economy.
Professor Flynn's global research efforts have a positive impact on the U.S. manufacturing practices and performance and is another example of how IUPUI's faculty members are TRANSLATING their RESEARCH INTO PRACTICE.
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Item PRODUCT RECALL STRATEGIES: UNITED STATES VS. CHINA(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2012-04-13) Cross, LaKeisha; Rayner, Gabrielle; Flynn, Barbara B.; Feng, HuaA product recall is defined as an action by a manufacturer or distributor to remove a product from the market because it may possibly cause health problems or death (Zhao & Hu, 2011). Product recalls occur because of in-adequate inspection techniques, employees who are unfamiliar with the pro-cess, improper product design, etc. Companies can make decisions concern-ing their proactiveness/reactiveness (procedure) and compensation (out-come) toward the affected consumers when dealing with product harm cri-ses. Will there be national cultural differences in consumer responses to the-se decisions and in the proposed moderating effect of the degree of product hazard? Based on the above analysis, a quantitative analysis using ques-tionnaires was performed. The methodology was a controlled experiment, manipulating 2 levels of compensation (high vs. low), 2 recall strategies (proactive vs. reactive) and 2 levels of product hazard (high vs. low). A group of 200 undergraduate business students in the U.S. and Hong Kong were given surveys that assessed their purchase intention and other factors, based on the manipulated variables. Using t-test and one-way ANOVA anal-yses in SPSS 16.0, the results show that, when companies are proactive in their recall strategy, consumers care less about the outcome, no matter how severe the product hazard is, while, when companies use a passive recall strategy, consumers care more about the outcome. Although companies are not able to avoid recalls completely, it is important that they develop an ef-fective method to increase consumer repurchases and recover quickly when dealing with a product harm crisis. The results also demonstrate that both procedure and outcome have significant effect on consumers’ attitudinal and behavioral reactions. Further data is being collected to see if there is a sig-nificant difference between respondents in mainland China versus the U.S.Item On Theory in Supply Chain Uncertainty and its Implications for Supply Chain Integration(Wiley, 2016-07) Flynn, Barbara B.; Koufteros, Xenophon; Lu, Guanyi; Kelley School of BusinessThis article develops a theoretical conceptualization of supply chain uncertainty, based on the foundation provided by contingency theory, classical organization theory, and information processing theory. We develop a theoretical analogy between a supply chain and an organization, then highlight key differences, which leads us to hypothesize that there are three key types of supply chain uncertainty. Micro-level uncertainty is based on the variability of inputs to the technical core of a supply chain, corresponding to the traditional operationalization of uncertainty in the supply chain and operations management literature. Meso-level uncertainty is the lack of information needed by a supply chain member, corresponding to the information processing theory perspective. This is often due to the conflicting pressures of differentiation and interdependence in a supply chain, where members may withhold information that they feel could compromise their interests. Macro-level uncertainty, based on the equivocality construct, is related to unclear and ambiguous situations faced by supply chain members in rapidly changing external environments. We propose that all three types of uncertainty coexist in a supply chain and may interact with each other. Based on contingency theory's focus on alignment of process and structure with the environment, we test the relationship among supply chain integration (process), centralization, formalization and flatness (organization structure) and the dimensions of uncertainty (environment). Hypotheses are tested using hierarchical regression on data collected from 339 globally distributed manufacturing plants. It reveals that, as hypothesized, micro-level and meso-level uncertainty are positively related to SCI and that macro-level uncertainty is inversely related to it. The organization structure variables of centralization and formalization had a moderating effect, strengthening or reducing the main effects of uncertainty. The results are discussed in terms of their consistency with the theoretical foundation, implications for decision makers facing supply chain uncertainty and future research opportunities.Item Supply Chain Power Configurations and their Relationship with Performance(Wiley, 2017) Huo, Baofeng; Flynn, Barbara B.; Zhao, Xiande; Kelley School of BusinessIn order to lay the foundation for the study of supply chain power, we study power configurations at the level of interlocking power dyads (IPDs), viewing the simultaneous effect of upstream and downstream power. We build on four key constructs: dependence asymmetry (resource dependence theory), joint dependence (embeddedness perspective), power type differential (based on French and Raven, 1959) and power source asymmetry. We examine the research question of what the relationship is between IPDs and the focal firm's operational performance, developing hypotheses based on the dependence asymmetry, joint dependence, power type differential and power source asymmetry of theoretical IPDs. A survey of over 600 respondents in China was used to collect data on focal firm perceptions of upstream and downstream power, with cluster analysis yielding eight IPDs. Inferential analysis revealed the importance of joint dependence, dependence asymmetry, power type differential and power source asymmetry to the operational performance of the focal firm.Item A cross-cultural examination of the relationships among human resource management practices and organisational commitment: an institutional collectivism perspective(Wiley, 2016-11) Rode, Joseph C.; Huang, Xiaowen; Flynn, Barbara B.; IU Kelley School of Business – IndianapolisPrevious research has shown that human resource management (HRM) practices vary across cultures. However, little research has empirically compared the effects of various HRM practices on firm-level or individual-level outcome variables across cultures. Drawing upon psychological contract theory and the literature on cultural values, the present study examined the effects of three organisational-level HRM practices on individual organisational commitment in a survey of 2424 individuals in 120 organisations located in four countries and three industries. Based upon the GLOBE study, we classified the four countries into two groups – high versus low institutional collectivism. The results of our hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) analyses found significant differences in the effects of organisational-level HRM on individual organisational commitment across cultures for two of the three HRM practices included in our model: training and teamwork. We also found partial support for differences across cultures for the effects of the third HRM practice: employee involvement in decision making. Overall, our results support the utility of theoretical and empirical models that address multiple levels of analyses to better understand the mechanisms through which the HRM-performance link takes place across national cultures.Item Why be first if it doesn’t pay? The case of early adopters of C-TPAT supply chain security certification(Emerald, 2016) Ni, John Z.; Melnyk, Steve A.; Ritchie, William J.; Flynn, Barbara B.; IU Kelley School of Business – IndianapolisPurpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on adoption of certified management standards, specifically public standards. Such standards play an increasingly important role in today’s business environment. However, to generate adoption benefits, they must be first widely accepted – a situation where they have become viewed as the de facto norms. For this state to occur early adopters play a critical role. Past research has argued that early adopters, in exchange for assuming more risk, are rewarded with higher economic returns. Yet, these findings are based on private, not public standards. With public standards, early adopters do not receive such benefits. There is evidence that public standards are becoming more important. This situation leads to a simple but important question addressed in this study – if early adopters assume the risks of embracing a new public standard without economic benefits, then what is their motivation? To resolve this question, this study draws on agency theory and prospect theory. The authors argue that early adopters embrace such standards because of their desire to minimize risk resulting from failure to support the goal at the heart of the public standards. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from the Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) Partners Cost Benefit Survey and analyzed through structural equation modeling. Findings Early adopters of public standards are not driven by economic benefits but rather by the need to minimize their exposure to the risks associated with failing to satisfy the goals associated with a public standard. In other words, they were motivated by the need to minimize costs. In the case of C-TPAT, these costs are those of failing to provide or improve network security. Research limitations/implications This study has shed new light on the standards adoption process by clarifying the specific motivations that drive early adoption of a public standard. In addition to identifying the loss aversion motives of early adopters and economic benefit motives of later adopters, the authors have also elaborated on the notion that standards have differing levels of precedence, particularly when comparing private with public standards. Practical implications In a world characterized by increasing demands for outcomes such as improved security and where governmental funding is falling, due to growing deficits and governments that are becoming more conservative, the authors expect the use of public standards to increase. Originality/value Different from prior research on private standard, the paper focuses on the organizations involved in the adoption and diffusion of a public standard, with special attention being devoted to the early adopters. The paper provides a theoretical explanation for the actions of early adopters of a public standard through the theoretical lens of prospect theory.Item Editorial: Survey Research Design in Supply Chain Management: The Need for Evolution in Our Expectations(Wiley, 2017) Flynn, Barbara B.; Pagell, Mark; Fugate, Brian; Kelley School of Business - IndianapolisSurvey research in supply chain management has been and will continue to be an important methodology in advancing theory and practice. However, supply chain scholars have multiple, divergent views regarding what is acceptable in terms of survey design, especially regarding respondents. We build on insights and commentaries provided by JSCM associate editors to develop and share general guidelines we will use during our tenure as editors to consider the rigor of survey research designs. We also outline ways that survey designs for supply chain research can be strengthened. The aim of this editorial was to clearly communicate expectations to the JSCM community, so that authors and reviewers can be more successful in advancing the theory and practice of supply chain management.Item Effect of different food recall strategies on consumers’ reaction to different recall norms: A comparative study(Emerald, 2017-10-09) Hu, Haiju; Djebarni, Ramdane; Zhao, Xiande; Xiao, Liwei; Flynn, Barbara B.; Kelley School of Business - IndianapolisItem Suppliers’ non-compliance with sustainability standards: a new perspective based on discrete-choice experiments(2017) Zamur, Guilherme A. C.; Paiva, Ely Laureano; Flynn, Barbara B.What are the factors that contribute to non-compliance with a supply chain partner’s sustainability efforts? Based on institutional theory and social cognitive theory, a discrete-choice experiment was conducted with 128 U.S., 105 Brazilian and 109 Indian managers to test alternative causes of suppliers’ non-compliance. Results of regression modeling provide preliminary evidence to support the idea that managers’ cultural and institutional background influence the way they perceive compliance with the buyer firm’s sustainability practices and that certain positions in the supply chain influence their likelihood to not comply with them.Item The Samarco Accident in Brazil: Industry and Supply Chain Impacts(2016) Siegler, Janaína; Ravara, Andre; Pereira, Susana; Vargas, Fundação Getulio; Flynn, Barbara B.Item Comparative Analysis of Resilience by Supply Network Structure(2015) Flynn, Barbara B.; Siegler, Janaina; Bradaschia, Marcelo; Vargas, Fundacao Getulio; Paulo, SaoThis research applies Kim, et al.’s (2015) supply network structure archetypes to case data related to two disruptions in three industries in Brazil. A total of seven supply networks were studied, through in-depth interviews and archival documents. The findings suggest that there may be additional supply network structures that are relevant. Centralization appears to be a function of the size of the focal firm. There was evidence of an evolution of supply network structures with focal firm size.
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