An Encyclopedia of Conscience

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    An Encyclopedia of Conscience: Introduction
    (IU Conscience Project, 2021) Galvin, Matthew R.; Gaffney, Margaret M.
    Since 2001, our Conscience Project meetings have regularly included lively discussions and applications of the conceptual framework of conscience theory - stages, domains and bedrock/intrinsic values – to the ideas we are studying in ethics, neuroscience, education, philosophy, psychology and theology. Early on, Dr. Barbara Stilwell compiled an alphabetical list of authors who may or may not have been explicit about conscience, but who deeply influenced our theory of conscience as it evolved, and recently, we have begun to apply the same conscience-sensitive approaches to character/author analyses in the histories, biographies, and other literature, fact and fiction, we are reading. We are excited to see how these unique conscience-sensitive approaches can enrich our own writing and teaching in humanistic medicine, general humanities, and specifically, moral education. The brief entries in this Encyclopedia of Conscience are not meant to be full biographies, but rather to provide an imaginative sketch of the form and function of each subject’s conscience. We welcome ideas and additions.
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    'A' is for ... Aesara of Lucania
    (IU Conscience Project, 2021) Gramelspacher, Mary Lou; Gaffney, Margaret M.; Galvin, Matthew R.
    Aesara of Lucana was an ancient philosopher and forerunner of moral psychology who flourished sometime between three hundred and one hundred Before the Common Era (BCE). Historians of philosophy classify Aesara of Lucania among the Late Pythagoreans (425 BCE and possibly as late as circa 100 CE), along with Phintys of Sparta and Perictione I (Waithe and Harper, 1987).
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    D is for ... Eugene Debs
    (IU Conscience Project, 2021) Stillwell, Barbara M.
    Debs never deviated from what he thought was right although his ideas about what was “right” changed with time. Always intense and tenacious. When he and others refused to honor President Cleveland’s orders to break the boycott of the Pullman Palace Company and were sent to the Cook County Jail, Debs said “Having only acted in this matter in obedience to the dictates of our conscience and our judgment, we shall accept with philosophic composure any penalties, however severe, the courts may see fit to impose.”
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    'I' is for ... an Islamic perspective on conscience
    (IU Conscience Project, 2021) Sullivan, John; Galvin, Matthew R.
    There has been extensive use of the modern Arabic word damir for the English word conscience. An invitation is made to discernment of intentional use of the word damir in this way, by some authors, to emphasize interfaith experience and establish a uniting linguistic bond between people of different religious belongings. After due consideration of damir, we proceed to a fully Islamic perspective on conscience by examining material from four sources: the Qur’an, Traditions of the Prophet and Islamic scholarship past and present. Highlighted in the latter canon are writings from giants of antiquity such as Ibn al-`Arabi and al-Ghazali. Ghazali’s Anatomy of the Soul also known as ‘the family of internal aspects’ will be seen as the foundation of Islamic moral psychology and psychopathology. Specific intersections of Islamic aspects of conscience with the several domains of conscience as explicated by the Indiana University Conscience Project can be discerned while preserving the integrity of their divergences.
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    ‘K’ is for … Søren Kierkegaard (1813-1855)
    (IU Conscience Project, 2021) Galvin, Matthew R.
    Kierkegaard's leap of faith and acceptance of the Christian call to love must be regarded as the matter of conscience ultimately most crucial to him. Subsequently, we find conscience in his decisions and renewed vows to devote himself to writing and publishing and again in his activist undertaking of a sustained polemic that he would consolidate in his work, ATTACK UPON “CHRISTENDOM”. The attack earned him personal ridicule and estrangement from the established Danish Church.
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    'D' is for ... Diotima of Mantinea
    (IU Conscience Project, 2021) Gramelspacher, Mary Lou; Gaffney, Margaret M.; Galvin, Matthew R.
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    'N' is for ... Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900)
    (IU Conscience Project, 2021) Galvin, Matthew R.
    Given the ‘take-no-prisoners’ attitude and, relatedly, the bold, if chilling, clarity of Nietzsche’s vision, a consideration of his works prompts a straightforward interrogatory into how there might be ways to achieve flourishing in relevant psychological realms, especially valuation and volition, without--or in spite of-- the process of moralization. Moreover, even among developmental considerations that we might agree should remain within the scope of moralization, a more nuanced rendering of the valuational process may be owed to Nietzsche in emphasizing the final term in the triune: value-keeping-value seeking-value making.
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    'P' is for ... Rosamunde Pilcher (1924-2019)
    (IU Conscience Project, 2022) Gaffney, Margaret M.; DiMicco, Susan
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    'T' is for ... Tecumseh (1768-1813)
    (IU Conscience Project, 2022) Stillwell, Barbara M.
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    ‘R’ is for … Raskolnikov
    (IU Conscience Project, 2022) Kahn, Samuel