Sally Wasmuth

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The implications of desk arrangement on social interaction in a third grade classroom
(Taylor & Francis, 2018) Wilburn, Victoria G.; Wasmuth, Sally; Fehr, Callie; Brokamp, Kristen; Shupe, Mallory; Hursey, Brianna; Ross, Katie; Nelson, Jessica; Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences
Numerous studies have illustrated that participation in occupations—defined as meaningful life activities—is essential to wellness (AOTA, 2014). Social interaction is an important area of occupational participation for children in their roles as students (AOTA, 2014). Classroom design can impact student social participation; however, there is a lack of current research focused on effects of classroom design on social interaction for all students. Rather, research has examined factors affecting social participation of certain subgroups of students in the classroom, such as those with chronic illness or deafness (Martinez, Carter & Legato, 2011; Martins & Gaudiot, 2012). While literature provides information about various subpopulations, in this paper we emphasize that social participation based on classroom design can facilitate or inhibit overall occupational participation for all children in the role of student.
Older Adults and Photo-Elicited Perspectives on Shopping for Groceries in a Changing Community
(The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy, 2019-01-15) Breeden, Lori E.; Planera, Alessandra; Kirchner, Lauren; Ascencio, Samantha; Branden, Matthew; Dunlap, Evan; Robinson, Alex; Stevens, Samantha; Wasmuth, Sally
Background: A community experiencing gentrification created challenges for older adults and their ability to access food. The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine barriers and facilitators perceived by three urban-dwelling older adults during their grocery shopping experiences. Methods: The researchers conducted photo-elicitation supported interviews to gather information on grocery shopping from three older adults attending a local senior center. Photo-elicited interviews were conducted, and the thematic analysis examined the participants’ perspectives on their experiences. Results: Thematic analysis revealed the participants’ experiences in a changing landscape. In the categories of community resources, transportation, and the store, analysis revealed the following themes: encountering obstacles, becoming frustrated, and identifying strategies and facilitators. These themes represent a process for older adults whereby they adapt to obtain their needed or desired items when shopping for groceries. Conclusion: In a community facing urban renewal and gentrification, older adults encountered obstacles and adapted in ways that were productive but not always safe or supportive of good health. This study illustrates the adaptive (or maladaptive) strategies of the participants who are managing change in their community. Advocating for affordable transportation in communities and modifying grocery store layout can support the older adult shoppers.
A Grounded Theory of Veterans’ Experiences of Addiction-as-Occupation
(Taylor & Francis, 2016) Wasmuth, Sally; Brandon-Friedman, Richard A.; Olesek, Kyle; School of Social Work
This study examined how addiction emerges as an occupation in the lives of veterans. Its purpose was to facilitate better knowledge of how addiction is experienced as an occupation by this population, with the goal of destigmatizing addiction and paving the way for innovative ways to help people with addictions to build new occupational lives. Fifty-eight veterans diagnosed with a substance use disorder were recruited from a VA residential treatment center, of which 35 transcripts of the Indiana Psychiatric Illness Interview—a broad interview inquiring about participants’ life experiences—were randomly selected for grounded theory analysis following a 4-step coding procedure as outlined by Charmaz. Data revealed a five step occupational process: Being Initiated; Increasing Engagement; Establishing an Identity; Experiencing Discord and Defeat; and Finding Other Occupations. Addiction is discussed as a behavioral pattern, and the authors discuss how the use of new occupations may provide individuals with new patterns of organization, social interconnection, and identity development needed to sustain a move away from occupations of addiction.
Addressing Mental Health Needs of Health Care Workers through Peer Support Groups During the COVID-19 Crisis
(Indiana University, 2020-12) Thornsberry, Tanner; Nault Connors, Jill; Welch, Julie; Hayden, Julie; Hartwell, Jennifer; Ober, Michael; Sotto-Santiago, Sylk; Draucker, Claire; Wasmuth, Sally; Boustani, Malaz; Overley, Ashley; Monahan, Patrick; Kroenke, Kurt
The Efficacy and Feasibility of Occupational Therapy Programming Focused on Health and Wellness within a Homeless Shelter
(2021-04) Munson, Victoria; Wasmuth, Sally; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences; Hoffman, Lisa
Homelessness is a serious problem and can have many negative effects, including poor health (Hodge et al., 2017). Homelessness is closely tied to occupational deprivation and occupational injustice (Cunningham & Slade, 2019). The purpose of this doctoral capstone project was to address the occupational needs of individuals experiencing homelessness. By working with the Wheeler Mission Center for Women and Children, this project aimed to decrease occupational deprivation and increase overall wellness through the implementation of occupation-based programming. Occupation-based programing was introduced over the course of 14 weeks, in combination with ongoing program evaluation. Success of the program was evaluated in a number of different ways, including distributing pre- and post-program surveys, evaluating results from the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure and by receiving verbal feedback from staff members. Participants were recruited from the Foundations of Wellness program at the Wheeler Mission and included individuals with a wide range of health concerns. Results indicated that participants had statistically significant increases in satisfaction with programming following the implementation of occupation-based programming, as well as significant increases in self-perceived occupational performance and satisfaction. These results can be used to advocate for the role of occupational therapists within homeless shelters, as they can increase occupational engagement and participant satisfaction. Additional research is needed to further define the role of occupational therapists within homeless shelters and to further investigate the impact occupational therapists can have on homeless populations.
Occupational Therapy Doctoral Capstone: Delirium Education in Critical Care
(2021-04-16) Smith, Emily C.; Wasmuth, Sally; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences; Luper, Amanda
Delirium is a serious medical condition that should be considered a medical emergency requiring urgent care to prevent long-term cognitive deficits. The coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the numbers of severely ill patients in the intensive care unit. This increased acuity is accompanied by increased rates of delirium and other serious long-term impairments. Treatment of delirium often varies across the continuum of care which can result in negative outcomes for patients. Based on an in-depth needs assessment of the critical care team at Ball Memorial, a need for increased training and education regarding delirium was identified as the main goal of the capstone project. An educational seminar was created and implemented to provide additional education and training for critical care rehabilitation staff to utilize when interacting with a delirious patient. By providing critical care therapists education in research techniques, communication strategies, and evidence-based delirium management approaches, therapists gained skill and confidence in their ability to advocate for continuous delirium monitoring to provide excellent patient care.
The Role of Occupational Therapy Services in Addressing the Mental Health of Black Girls: A Community Engaged Program Implementation Project
(2021-05-03) Milton, Cierra; Wasmuth, Sally; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences; Wasmuth, Sally
Literature illustrates mental health disparities experienced by young Black girls (Leary, 2020; Morris, 2016) in the United States. Occupational therapy (OT) is an ideal profession to address these disparities through mental health group interventions (AOTA, 2020). The goal of this occupational therapy doctoral capstone (DC) project was to implement and examine the efficacy of an occupation-based program in addressing the mental health of Black girls in a community setting. Intervention implementation took place at a community-based afterschool center over eight consecutive weeks. Intervention activities were aimed at improving the participants’ understanding of social emotional skills, self-efficacy and self-esteem. The activities were versatile, culturally rooted, incorporated principles of trauma informed care (Menschner & Maul, 2016) and were cost effective. Program implementation efforts were assessed through mixed methods data analysis. The capstone experience also included the professional dissemination of results from a community-based mental health intervention program for young Black girls.
Community Transition: Addressing Factors that Lead to Readmission in Inpatient Psychiatric Units
(2021-05-07) Chim, Chhattrah; Wasmuth, Sally; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences; Button, Jo
Psychiatric readmission is a common problem for individuals with psychiatric illness worldwide. Approximately one in seven individuals hospitalized for psychiatric illness are readmitted within 30 days of discharge. 30-day readmission is a common outcome measure to indicate quality of patient care. Frequent readmission for patients decreases their quality of life, disrupts their recovery, and fosters dependence on psychiatric services. The purpose of this doctoral capstone experience is to develop a clinically useful screening tool used to identify at-risk patients for readmission to improve transition into the community. In doing so, effective patient-centered interventions focused on individualized needs can be provided to possibly decrease the risk of readmission. The screening tool was developed using retrospective clinical data collected from electronic medical records of all patients readmitted to SEMHRC within 30 days of discharge in 2020. The screening tool examines 5 domains which include previous admissions, risk of harm to self and others, individual factors, community barriers, and engagement in treatment. In 2020, Sandra Eskenazi Mental Health Recovery Center discharged 1,119 patients. Of those patients discharged, 10.3% readmitted within 30 days at least one or more times. A bivariate analysis was done using the developed screening tool on 19 patients that were first time users of the psychiatric unit comparing their hospital index admission to following hospital readmissions. These patients averaged a score of seven on the screening tool for risk of readmission. Individuals with 3+ readmissions within 30 days of prior hospitalization had an average score of 12.7 upon assessment. The study showed that the higher score on the screening tool increased the probability of readmission. The study shows the use of a screening tool to assess patients' risk of readmission on a psychiatric unit has the potential to improve delivery of mental health services.
Comparing Narrative-Informed Occupational Therapy in Adult Outpatient Mental Health to Treatment as Usual: A Quasi-Experimental Feasibility Study with Preliminary Treatment Outcomes
(Taylor & Francis, 2021) Wasmuth, Sally; Wilburn, Victoria G.; Hamm, Jay A.; Chase, Anthony; Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences
This paper describes implementation of narrative-informed occupation-based service delivery in outpatient community mental health that addresses (1) the need for outcome data on occupational therapy in this setting, (2) an ongoing mental health provider shortage, and (3) a need for innovative approaches to supporting mental health. We found a significant improvement from baseline to post-intervention in occupational participation. Dose of occupational therapy was significantly related to improvements in roles, habits, values, long-term goals, social environment, and readiness for change. This study supports future, larger effectiveness studies of narrative-informed occupation-based intervention delivered by occupational therapists in outpatient community mental health.
Intersections of occupational participation and borderline personality disorder: A grounded theory approach
(Taylor and Francis, 2020-01) Wasmuth, Sally; Mokol, Emily; Szymaszek, Karolina; Gaerke, Kyra-Jo; Manspeaker, Trevor; Lysaker, Paul; Tommasi, Marco; Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by intense emotions, self-harm, unstable self-image, and risky behaviors, which impede wellness and interfere with occupational participation. However, literature on occupational participation of people with BPD is scarce and has mostly focused on women. This study explores and elucidates intersections of occupational participation and BPD in a sample of mostly male veterans in order to identify potential ways occupational therapists and other health professionals can support wellbeing for this population. Grounded theory analysis was conducted on data collected using the Indiana Psychiatric Illness Interview (IPII), a semi-structured interview designed to elicit illness personal narratives. Analysis yielded three main themes—influencing environment, internal experience, and occupation—and several subthemes including being abused, arising problems, feeling neglected, feeling victimized, escape, self-segregating, positive change, participating/engaging, and substance abuse. Occupations both influenced and were influenced by the environment and internal experiences. Environments appeared to influence internal experience, but internal experiences did not influence environments directly. Rather, internal experiences impacted a person’s occupations which, in turn, impacted their environments. Participants’ occupational lives revealed, as expected, several subthemes depicting negative and/or isolating experiences. However, participants’ occupations directly impacted both their environmental contexts and internal experiences, suggesting occupational performance may be a powerful mechanism of change for this population. Findings offer promise that occupational therapists could facilitate health-promoting occupational participation which, in turn, may result in more positive and health-promoting environments and internal experiences.

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