Browsing by Author "White, James P."
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Item Commercial Arbitration and the Possibility of Its Application to Online Form in Saudi Arabia and in Light of International Conventions and ODR Experiences in the United States: Challenges and Suggestions(2016) Almushaigeh, Mohammad; White, James P.With the new arbitration system in Saudi Arabia and current advancements in technology, specifically in Internet technology, some traditional activities have been replaced, and even the legal aspects of business have also been penetrated by the new advances in information technology. One of these is in the area of international commercial arbitration. Currently, some multinational companies seek to resolve their disputes through electronic arbitration and mediation. Hence, this dissertation looks at the potential success of Saudi commercial law and the application of traditional commercial arbitration to an online format in Saudi Arabia. According to the research that this dissertation has made, there are factors that exactly determine the success of traditional commercial arbitration and its application in online form in Saudi arbitration and in light of international conventions. The first that the general provisions and principles of commercial arbitration should remain. Next is that both parties involved should understand the content and procedures of arbitration. Finally, the necessary principles and procedures in traditional arbitration should be translated into electronic means successfully. In this regard, the parties should determine which kinds of adaptions will ensure the spontaneous procedure of the arbitration.Item Disciplinary Liability for Lawyers in Saudi Arabia(2015) Alasmi, Mohammed A.; White, James P.The enactment of a disciplinary action in Saudi Arabia was aimed at protecting client interests and safeguarding the integrity of the legal profession. This, however, raises the question of the importance of disciplinary liability for lawyers in Saudi Arabia. The next fundamental questions are as follows: What are the procedures for disciplinary action? What authority is in charge of suing for disciplinary action? Which authority considers disciplinary action? What penalties are imposed during disciplinary action? In what ways can disciplinary-action decisions be appealed? The quintessence of this dissertation is to address the abovementioned issues. First, this dissertation focuses on the legal profession in Saudi Arabia by comparing it with that of Kuwait and the UAE. Second, the dissertation argues what disciplinary liability is and how it should be carried out. As a consequence, it asserts that disciplinary action ought to retain a vital role in regulating violations of the duties and obligations of the legal profession. After demonstrating the need for strengthening disciplinary liability in Saudi Arabia, the dissertation ventures into the explication of disciplinary-action articles in the Code of Law Practice that was issued in 2001. As such, its major focus is on Articles 29–37. These explicate the definition of disciplinary liability, disciplinary procedures, disciplinary-liability punishments, and how to appeal a disciplinary-liability decision. In view of the unique conclusions made in the dissertation, a few recommendations for the future are made.Item The Legal Causes of Dissolution of Company: A Comparative Study Between Saudi Law, Islamic Law, and Delaware Law(2015-11) Almofadda, Bashar Omar; White, James P.The objectives of this dissertation are to examine Saudi Arabian company dissolution regulation, by answering the following questions: Is Saudi Arabia dissolution regulation consistent with Islamic Law? Is Islamic dissolution law inconsistent with modern law, such as Delaware law? Should Saudi Arabia dissolution regulation be made consistent with modern law, such as Delaware law? My answers are that Saudi Arabia dissolution regulation is consistent with Islamic Law; Islamic dissolution law has broad general rules that are consistent with modern law; and Saudi Law is old and needs to be modernized. In order to improve Saudi Arabia's dissolution regulation, I propose a new regime that is consistent with Islamic dissolution law and modern standards, such as Delaware law, My proposed regime aims to give maximum consideration to contractual flexibility, clarify ambiguousness, protect the law, support the existence of a company, protect a company's creditors and the transferees of an owner's economic interest, protect owners' interests, protect company's interests, and protect minority stakes.Item Reasons for Dual Nationality in Saudi Arabia and the United States Legal Systems: Problems and Solutions(2016) Balbead, Abdullah Omar; White, James P.The purpose of this study is to determine the legal reasons, problems, and solutions for dual nationality in both the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States. The researcher will examine how a person may hold more than one nationality in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United States through an analysis of nationality laws in both countries. In addition, this dissertation will explore various problems that may face the person who holds more than one nationality. Finally, potential solutions will be provided that can mitigate such problems with dual nationality.Item The role of Meteorin-like in skeletal development and bone fracture healing(Wiley, 2022) Huang, Rong; Balu, Abhinav R.; Molitoris, Kristin H.; White, James P.; Robling, Alexander G.; Ayturk, Ugur M.; Baht, Gurpreet S.; Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of MedicineMeteorin‐like protein (Metrnl), homologous to the initially identified neurotrophic factor Meteorin, is a secreted, multifunctional protein. Here we used mouse models to investigate Metrnl's role in skeletal development and bone fracture healing. During development Metrnl was expressed in the perichondrium and primary ossification center. In neonates, single cell RNA‐seq of diaphyseal bone demonstrated strongest expression of Metrnl transcript by osteoblasts. In vitro, Metrnl was osteoinductive, increasing osteoblast differentiation and mineralization in tissue culture models. In vivo, loss of Metrnl expression resulted in no change in skeletal metrics in utero, at birth, or during postnatal growth. Six‐week‐old Metrnl‐null mice displayed similar body length, body weight, tibial length, femoral length, BV/TV, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, and cortical thickness as littermate controls. In 4‐month‐old mice, lack of Metrnl expression did not change structural stiffness, ultimate force, or energy to fracture of femora under 3‐point‐bending. Last, we investigated the role of Metrnl in bone fracture healing. Metrnl expression increased in response to tibial injury, however, loss of Metrnl expression did not affect the amount of bone deposited within the healing tissue nor did it change the structural parameters of healing tissue. This work identifies Metrnl as a dispensable molecule for skeletal development. However, the osteoinductive capabilities of Metrnl may be utilized to modulate osteoblast differentiation in cell‐based orthopedic therapies.