IU Indianapolis ScholarWorks :: Browsing by Author "Mikesky, Alan E."

Browsing by Author "Mikesky, Alan E."

Now showing 1 - 10 of 12

Blood Flow Restriction Training: Implementation into Clinical Practice
(Berkeley Electronic Press, 2017-09-01) Vanwye, William R.; Weatherholt, Alyssa M.; Mikesky, Alan E.; Kinesiology, School of Physical Education and Tourism Management
To improve muscular strength and hypertrophy the American College of Sports Medicine recommends moderate to high load resistance training. However, use of moderate to high loads are often not feasible in clinical populations. Therefore, the emergence of low load (LL) blood flow restriction (BFR) training as a rehabilitation tool for clinical populations is becoming popular. Although the majority of research on LL-BFR training has examined healthy populations, clinical applications are emerging. Overall, it appears BFR training is a safe and effective tool for rehabilitation. However, additional research is needed prior to widespread application.
Community-Based Exercise Program Attendance and Exercise Self-Efficacy in African American Women
(2014-01-29) Virgil, Kisha Marie; Mikesky, Alan E.; Keith, NiCole R.; De Groot, Mary K.; Hess, Lisa M.; Mushi-Brunt, Christina R.
Rates of chronic disease and physical inactivity are disproportionately high among African American women. Despite the known benefits of physical activity and an increasing number of programs designed to increase activity, attendance rates to many exercise programs remain low. There is much to learn about program types, such as healthy lifestyle programs (HLP); individual factors, such as self-efficacy; and mediating variables that may influence exercise program attendance. An observational study design was used to compare exercise self-efficacy and attendance in a community-based exercise program in African American women who were enrolled in a HLP (N = 53) to women who were not (N = 27). Exercise program attendance was gathered across six months; demographics, self-efficacy and physical activity behaviors were assessed through surveys; and physiological variables (resting heart rate and blood pressure, height, and weight) and physical fitness (muscular strength and endurance and cardiovascular endurance) were measured at baseline. Descriptive statistics were used to describe participants and groups were compared using T-tests, chi-square and non-parametric statistics. Finally, mediation analyses were conducted using multiple regression models to assess self-efficacy as a potential mediator to exercise program attendance. Women who enrolled in this study were of low income (61% having an annual income less than $20,000), obese with a mean (standard deviation) body mass index (BMI) of 37.7 (7.6), pre-hypertensive with a mean (standard deviation) systolic blood pressure of 125.9 (14.4), and scored poorly and marginally on two fitness tests. On average, women reported being Moderately Confident in their ability to exercise regularly, yet had low attendance in the exercise program with a median number .5 days over six months and there were no significant differences in exercise self-efficacy (p = .23) or attendance in the exercise program between groups (p = .79). Additionally, exercise self-efficacy was not a mediating variable to program attendance. Women in this study had little discretionary income and several chronic disease risk factors, yet exercise program attendance was low even in those enrolled in a HLP. Identifying factors that increase exercise self-efficacy and factors that influence attendance beyond self-efficacy may help future program design and attendance.
Does Vibration Training Improve Physical Function and Quality of Life in Fibromyalgia Syndrome?
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2010-04-09) Kaleth, Anthony S.; Ang, Dennis C.; Streepey, Jefferson W.; Mikesky, Alan E.; Bahamonde, Rafael E.; Dilts, Sandi
Exercise and physical activity recommendations are an integral component of the overall management of fibromyalgia. Unfortunately, despite the known health, fitness, and symptom relief benefits, underlying pain and fatigue prevent most from initiating (or maintaining) physical activity and exercise programs, thereby contributing to sedentary lifestyles that lead to low levels of aerobic and muscular fitness. Therefore, it is important to identify alternative approaches to exercise programming in the overall management of fibromyalgia. Vibration training is a relatively new approach to exercise that has been shown to elicit numerous benefits; however little is known about the effects of this training method in fibromyalgia. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of vibration training in improving musculoskeletal function, balance and postural control, and health-related quality of life in patients diagnosed with fibromyalgia.
The Effect of Active Gaming on Cardiovascular Outcomes
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Aqeel, Dania; Ohlman, Tom; Mikesky, Alan E.; Naugle, Keith E.; Naugle, Kelly M.
The U.S. society has become more accustomed to a sedentary lifestyle in the past few decades, partially due to increased time spent in front of a screen. Recently, active gaming, which allows an individual to be physically active during video game play, has been rising in popularity as a means of exercise. However, more research is needed to evaluate whether active gaming can produce cardiovascular responses that fall within the recommended ranges for daily physical activity given by the American College of Sports Medicine (40-60% of heart rate reserve (HRR)). The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of active gaming on cardiovascular outcomes and enjoyment. Nine young adults have been enrolled in this study and data collection is ongoing. Participants completed a training session and four experimental sessions. During each session, participants played one of the following active games at a self-selected intensity for 15 minutes. Heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured during game play. Enjoyment was assessed on a 10-cm VAS after each game. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to determine differences in HRR%, RPE, and enjoyment between games. The results showed that HRR% was greater for Kinect boxing (M=42.7±12.5) compared to all other games (p=.012; Kinect Tennis=35.4±10.7, Wii Boxing=31.8±14.5, Wii Tennis=35.4±10.8). RPE was significantly greater for Kinect Boxing (M=11.3±2.0) compared to Wii Tennis (M=9.67±1.5), p=.038. Enjoyment levels did not differ between games, p=.58 (Kinect Boxing=6.6±2.1, Kinect Tennis=7.1±1.2, Wii Boxing=5.9±0.8, Wii Tennis=6.9±0.9). In conclusion, the active games played at a self-selected intensity were perceived as moderately to highly enjoyable and were able to increase cardiovascular responses. However, the intensity of activity depended on the game. Participants achieved a moderate intensity level (i.e., 40-60% of HRR) while playing Kinect Boxing, but only achieved a light intensity level while playing the other games. Mentor: Kelly M. Naugle, Department of Kinesiology, School of Physical Education, Tourism, and Management, IUPUI
The Effect of Active Gaming on Pressure Pain Sensitivity
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Aqeel, Dania; Ohlman, Tom; Mikesky, Alan E.; Naugle, Keith E.; Naugle, Kelly M.
An acute bout of moderate to vigorous exercise temporarily reduces pain sensitivity in healthy adults, a phenomenon termed exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH). Recently, active gaming, which allows an individual to be physically active during video game play, has been rising in popularity as a means of light to moderate exercise. While evidence has shown that active gaming elicits positive cardiovascular and balance outcomes, no research has investigated active gaming as a modifier of pain. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an acute bout of active gaming increases pressure pain thresholds (PPT) in healthy adults. Fourteen young adults were enrolled in this study. Participants completed a training session and four experimental sessions. During each session, participants played one of the following active games for 15 minutes: Kinect Boxing, Kinect Tennis, Wii Boxing, and Wii Tennis. Pressure pain thresholds were measured on the trapezius muscle and the forearm before and immediately after a 15-minute active gaming session. Heart rate was also measured during game play. PPT data was analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA. Bivariate correlations examined the relationship between average percentage of heart rate reserve (HRR%) during game play and magnitude of pain reduction (post– pre). The results showed that PPTs 1) on the forearm and trapezius muscle significantly increased from pre to posttest during the Kinect Boxing session, 2) increased on the trapezius muscle during the Wii Boxing session, and 3) decreased on the forearm during the control session (p’s<.05). Greater HRR% during game play was associated with greater pain reduction (trapezius r=.33; forearm r=0.28; p’s<.05). In conclusion, active games played at a moderate intensity appear to be capable of temporarily reducing pressure pain sensitivity. This study was sponsored by the NIFS Student Research Fund.
ENERGY RETURN OF DIFFERENT DESIGNS OF TRACK SPIKES
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2014-04-11) Bahamonde, Rafael E.; Streepey, Jefferson; Goyke, Lance; Myers, Adrian; Mikesky, Alan E.
INTRODUCTION: Advances in technology and design have generated changes to the traditional track spike. Today, there are a number of different spike shapes, the four most common being needle, pyramid, post, and Christmas tree and modified Christmas tree (the last two are also referred to as “compression tier”) (see Figure 1). Running magazines, product advertisements, coaches, and manufacturers make claims about the potential effects of each type of spike design and their use in different situations. To our knowledge, these types of claims and other information regarding spikes or track surfaces, have not been tested and reported in the peer-reviewed literature. METHODS: The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine whether different shaped spikes elicit quantifiable differences in energy return on a Mondo track surface, the most commonly used at track venues. Five different shaped spikes all 7mm in length were used in this study (see Figure #1). The spikes chosen are those commonly used by athletes on various indoor and outdoor track surfaces. The load-deformation between the spikes the track was measured using a Bose Electroforce 3200 (Eden Praire, MN) testing device. OneWay ANOVAs using Sigma Plot 10.5 (Systat Inc., Richmond, CA) were performed to test for significant differences between spikes. Tukey post-hoc comparisons were performed at the p=0.05 level. RESULTS: Figure 2 shows the ANOVA results [F (4,49)=54.78, p<.001] and Tukey post-hoc comparison for the energy returned. The MTREE spike generated the greatest amount of energy returned and was significantly different from the other spikes (p<=0.05). The PYRA spike generated second largest amount of energy returned and was significant different from the PIN and POST spikes. The PIN or needle spike, as expected, had the least amount of energy returned. All spikes penetrated the track surface. DISCUSSION: The notion that compression spikes have less track penetration is unfounded. All the spikes tested penetrated the track under loads less than 105 N. Considering that vertical ground reaction force (GRF) increases linearly during walking and running from 1.2 BW to approximately 2.5 BW at 6.0 m s−1 and remains constant during forward lean sprinting at higher speeds, the likehood of any of the tested spikes not penetrating the Mondo track surface seems improbable (Keller et al., 1996). For the Mondo track the spike with the largest energy return was the MTREE design. This MTREE provided the largest spike surface area, which helped it to compress the track. The common PIN design provided the least energy return but absorbed the least amount of energy. All the compression spikes seem to provide larger amounts of energy return when compared to the PIN. The measured energy returned by the various spikes is relatively small (N*mm). However, for this study, the energy return was determined for only one spike while most sprint shoes have a sole plate with up to 10 mounted spikes. While it is difficult to assess how much of the energy returned in the spike-track surface interaction might actually aid the sprinter, these findings are nevertheless noteworthy. It is not uncommon for results in sprint races to be separated by only thousandths of a second, where even small levels of energy return could potentially make the difference between winning or losing a race. CONCLUSION: This study shows that spike design affects the amount of energy returned and absorbed by a Mondo track surface. While all of the spikes tested penetrated the track surface, the modified Christmas tree design returned the most energy on the Mondo surface. Knowledge of which spike design offers the highest energy return on the various track surfaces that athletes compete on could be useful to coaches and athletes, as well as, spike and track manufacturers and thus is worthy of further investigation.
Initial KAATSU Cuff Tightness: Effect of Limb Anthropometrics on Blood Flow Restriction
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2014-04-11) Heavrin, Adam; Meek, Anthony W.; Segal, Neil A.; Mikesky, Alan E.
INTRODUCTION KAATSU training involves low load (20%1RM) resistance exercise combined with partial blood flow restriction (BFR). BFR is achieved by positioning a specially designed pneumatic cuff around the proximal aspect of the limb, cinching it to an initial cuff tightness (ICT), then inflating the cuff to a higher restrictive training pressure. ICTs can potentially impact the degree of BFR (%BFR) caused at the higher training pressures, yet many studies use the same ICTs for all subjects (1). Identifying that discrepancies in %BFR exist between subjects with different limb anthropometrics is an important step in moving toward standardization of BFR dose for KAATSU training prescription. The purpose of this study was to identify variation in %BFR between subjects experiencing the same ICT and what limb anthropometrics (circumference, muscle, and fat composition) may be determinants. METHODS Forty-two volunteers (26 men, 16 women) provided informed consent. Caliper skin folds, Gulick tape circumferences, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans were performed on the randomly assigned ipsilateral arm and leg at the level of the KAATSU cuff application. %BFR was measured via pulse-wave Doppler ultrasound at baseline (no cuff) and at an ICT of 30 mmHg. Variable relationships were assessed using Pearson correlations and stepwise linear regression. RESULTS The average %BFR (avg±st. dev.) for the arm and leg was 16.01±11.42% and 16.75±9.27% with a range of 46.66% and 36.41%, respectively. The dependent variable for regression analysis was %BFR. In the arm, pQCT-determined muscle (R2=0.614) and fat composition (R2=0.587) were significant (p<0.05) determinants of %BFR. Circumference was also a determinant (R2=0.163). There were no significant correlations between %BFR and the anthropometrics for the leg. pQCT fat composition and sum of skin folds correlated significantly (r=0.915, p<0.05). pQCT circumference and Gulick circumference measures correlated significantly (r=0.991, p<0.05). DISCUSSION Conflicting BFR training results have been reported in the literature. A potential cause could be universal ICT usage causing some individuals to receive an inadequate training stimulus. Individuals using a 30 mmHg ICT will experience different %BFR when limb anthropometrics vary. Thus a method of assigning ICTs specific to individuals’ anthropometric characteristics is needed to ensure equally potent stimuli. Skin fold measures and circumference measures were highly correlated with pQCT data. As a result, skin fold and Gulick circumference measures can be used to predict arm composition at the level of the cuff and may inform prescription of appropriate ICTs that result in more consistent initial %BFR across individuals.
KAATSU Cuff Tightness and Limb Anthropometry: Effect on Blood Flow Restriction
(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2014-04-11) Meek, Anthony W.; Heavrin, Adam; Segal, Neil A.; Mikesky, Alan E.
KAATSU resistance training involves low loads (20%1RM) and partial blood flow restriction (BFR). When applying a BFR cuff, the initial cuff tightness (ICT) is important. ICTs can potentially impact the degree of BFR (%BFR) caused by the subsequent inflation to the target training pressures. It’s known that limb anthropometrics can affect the amount of BFR that is produced at specific pressures. Understanding the interaction between limb anthropometrics and ICT is an important first step in standardizing BFR dose between individuals for KAATSU training prescription. Purpose: To determine what limb anthropometrics (circumference, muscle or fat composition) have the greatest effect on %BFR with various ICTs. Methods: Forty-two volunteers (26 men, 16 women) provided informed consent. Caliper skin folds (anterior and posterior), Gulick tape circumferences, and peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) scans were performed on the randomly assigned ipsilateral arm and leg at the level of the KAATSU cuff. %BFR was measured via pulse-wave Doppler ultrasound at baseline (no cuff) and at 5 ICT pressures (20, 30, 40, 50 and 60mmHg). Variable relationships were assessed using Pearson correlations and stepwise linear regression. Results: The dependent variable for regression analysis was %BFR at each ICT. pQCT-determined muscle (R2= .147, .614, .445, .360, & .232, respectively) and fat composition (R2= .138, .587, .429, .338, & .220, respectively) were significant (p<.05) determinants of BFR at all ICT pressures in the arm. At 30mmHg, circumference was also a determinant (R2=.163). There were no significant correlations between %BFR and any of the ICT pressures for the leg. pQCT fat composition and sum of skin folds correlated significantly (r=.915, p<.05). pQCT circumference and Gulick circumference measures correlated significantly (r=.991, p<.05). Conclusion: Arm anthropometrics impact the %BFR created by 5 ICTs in the arm. Skin fold measures and circumference measures were highly correlated with pQCT data. As a result, skin fold and Gulick circumference measures can be used to predict arm composition at the level of the cuff and may inform prescription of appropriate ICTs that result in more consistent initial %BFR across individuals.
On-Line Quizzing and Its Effect on Student Engagement and Academic Performance
(2006-10) Urtel, Mark G.; Bahamonde, Rafael E.; Mikesky, Alan E.; Udry, Eileen M.; Vessely, Jeff S.
The goal of this study was to determine if on-line out-of-class quizzing would lead to increases in (a) classroom engagement (b) academic performance and (c) preparation perception of college students. Twenty-four sophomore level students enrolled in a required functional anatomy course participated in this study. Results from this study indicate that on-line quizzing had a statistically significant impact on some indicators of student classroom engagement. However, on-line quizzing had no statistically significant impact on academic performance as evidenced by test scores. Finally, student perceptions, as a result of on-line quizzing significantly improved.
Shoulder Pain after Neck Dissection among Head and Neck Cancer Patients
(2009-11-04T18:53:26Z) Wang, Hsiao-Lan; Keck, Juanita F.; Rawl, Susan M.; Buelow, Janice M.; Mikesky, Alan E.
Shoulder pain was constantly reported as a problematic symptom causing dysfunction and quality of life interference after neck dissection in head and neck cancer patients. Due to a lack of conceptual framework and inconsistency of instrument selection, a comparison among previous studies was almost impossible, making it difficult to understand the phenomenon. The current study applied the University of California, San Francisco School of Nursing Symptom Management Model. The purposes of the study were to (a) describe the symptom experience of shoulder pain at 1 month after neck dissection, (b) describe the relationships among symptom experience of shoulder pain, functional status, and quality of life, and (c) identify the contextual variables, concurrent symptoms, and/or adherence predicting symptom experience of shoulder pain, functional status, and/or quality of life. This was a descriptive study with a convenience sample of head and neck cancer patients. The data were collected via a medical record review, a self-administered survey, and a physical examination. The data from 29 patients were entered for descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple regressions. At 1 month after surgery, 62% of patients reported they had shoulder pain at some point within a week. Their shoulder pain was from mild to moderate. Fifty-nine percent complained that shoulder pain bothered them about the moderated level. In the final model, symptom experience, shoulder pain, was significantly correlated with one outcome, active shoulder abduction, but not the other, total quality of life, generic quality of life, and head and neck quality of life. Active shoulder abduction was significantly correlated with three quality of life measures. Adding significant predictors of symptom experience and outcomes into the final model, there is a potential that the model would be useful to guide treatment strategies. Treatment for myofascial pain of the levator scapulae could relieve shoulder pain after neck dissection and improve head and neck quality of life. Those with level V dissection were high risk populations of developing shoulder pain. Risk factors of quality of life, which were depression, loss of sensation, and radiation would describe how an intervention could change or unchange the patient’s life.

Browsing by Author "Mikesky, Alan E."

Results Per Page

Sort Options