Browsing by Author "Fridell, Jonathan"
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Item Challenges with Intestine and Multivisceral Re-Transplantation: Importance of Timing of Re-Transplantation and Optimal Immunosuppression(Springer, 2018-02-06) Kubal, Chandrashekhar A.; Pennington, Catherine; Fridell, Jonathan; Ekser, Burcin; Muhaylov, Plamen; Mangus, Richard; Surgery, School of MedicineBACKGROUND Patients undergoing re-transplantation often receive high doses of immunosuppression, which may lead to an immunocompromised status of the recipient. This study investigates the outcomes after intestine/multivisceral re-transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Clinical outcomes of 23 patients undergoing 24 re-transplantations at a single intestine transplant center were reviewed. Bone marrow suppression was used as a surrogate marker of immunocompromised status, and was defined as platelet count <50 k/mm3 and absolute lymphocyte count <200/mm³. RESULTS All re-transplants except one were liver inclusive. Fifteen of 23 patients died at a median time of 12 months (range 0.2-75) after re-transplantation. Of the 15 deaths, nine (60%) resulted from complications associated with a compromised host immune status: graft versus host disease (GVHD) affecting bone marrow (three cases), persistent viral infection (three cases), post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD (one case), metastatic cancer (one case), multi-drug resistant polymicrobial sepsis (one case). Four deaths (27%) resulted from severe rejection. Non-survivors were more likely to have received alemtuzumab, and had higher incidence of bone marrow suppression. In addition to immunocompromised status and rejection, the use of alemtuzumab was associated with mortality after intestinal/multivisceral re-transplantation. CONCLUSIONS High mortality was associated with intestine/multivisceral re-transplantation. To improve clinical outcomes of intestine and multivisceral transplantation, it is important to allow reconstitution of host immunity. Longer interval between the two transplantations, and strategies such as allograft specific immunosuppression, may spare the host from the devastating effects of potent immunosuppression currently used.Item Characteristics associated with access to kidney transplantation services in the Ohio River Valley(2024-04-26) Kelty, Catherine; Buford, Jade; Drewry, Kelsey; Adebiyi, Oluwafisayo; Sharfuddin, Asif; Fridell, Jonathan; Sher, Jawad; Huml, Anne; Moe, Sharon; Patzer, RachelItem Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Versus Doppler Ultrasound for Detection of Early Vascular Complications of Pancreas Grafts(American Roentgen Ray Society, 2020-11) Swensson, Jordan; Hill, Danielle; Tirkes, Temel; Fridell, Jonathan; Patel, Aashish; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineOBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study is to compare conventional duplex ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for identifying vascular abnormalities in pancreas allografts in the immediate posttransplant setting. Identification of pancreas allografts at risk of failure may impact patient care because early intervention for vascular insufficiency can lead to graft salvage. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Two radiologists who were blinded to patient outcomes performed a retrospective analysis of the postoperative Doppler ultrasound and CEUS images of 34 pancreas grafts from transplants performed between 2017 and 2019. A total of 28 patients who did not require surgical reexploration were considered the control group. Six patients had surgically proven arterial or venous abnormalities on surgical reexploration. Each radiologist scored grafts as having normal or abnormal vascularity on the basis of image sets obtained using Doppler ultrasound only and CEUS only. Comparisons of both the diagnostic performance of each modality and interobserver agreement were performed. RESULTS. Both readers showed that CEUS had increased sensitivity for detecting vascular abnormalities (83.3% for both readers) compared with Doppler ultrasound (66.7% and 50.0%). For both readers, the specificity of CEUS was similar to that of Doppler imaging (81.6% and 78.9% for reader 1 and reader 2 versus 76.3% and 84.2% for reader 1 and reader 2). For both readers, the negative predictive value of CEUS was higher than that of Doppler ultrasound (96.9% and 96.8% for reader 1 and reader 2 versus 93.5% and 91.4% for reader 1 and reader 2). Interobserver agreement was higher for CEUS than for Doppler ultrasound (κ = 0.54 vs κ = 0.28). CONCLUSION. CEUS may provide radiologists and surgeons with a means of timely and effective evaluation of pancreas graft perfusion after surgery, and it may help identify grafts that could benefit from surgical salvage.Item Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation from a SARS‐CoV‐2–Positive Donor to a SARS‐CoV‐2–Positive Recipient(Wiley, 2021-12) Barros, Nicolas; Ermel, Aaron; Mihaylov, Plamen; Lacerda, Marco; Fridell, Jonathan; Kubal, Chandrashekhar; Medicine, School of MedicineItem Expanding the Donor Pool with Utilization of Extended Criteria DCD Livers(AASLD, 2019) Mihaylov, Plamen; Mangus, Richard; Ekser, Burcin; Cabrales, Arianna; Timsina, Lava; Fridell, Jonathan; Lacerda, Marco; Ghabril, Marwan; Nephew, Lauren; Chalasani, Naga; Kubal, Chandrashekhar A.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineUtilization of donation after circulatory death donor (DCD) livers for transplantation has remained cautious in the U.S. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the expansion of DCD liver transplant (LT) program with the use of extended criteria DCD livers. After institutional review board approval, 135 consecutive DCD LTs were retrospectively studied. ECD DCD livers were defined as those with one of the followings: 1) donor age >50 years, 2) donor BMI >35 kg/m2, 3) donor functional warm ischemia time (fWIT) >30 minutes, and 4) donor liver macrosteatosis >30%. An optimization protocol was introduced in July 2011 to improve outcomes of DCD LT, which included thrombolytic donor flush, and efforts to minimize ischemic times. The impact of this protocol on outcomes was evaluated in terms of graft loss, ischemic cholangiopathy (IC) and change in DCD LT volume. Of 135 consecutive DCD LT, 62 were ECD DCDs. 24 ECD DCD LT were performed before (Era I) and 38 after the institution of optimization protocol (Era II), accounting for an increase in the use of ECD DCD livers from 39% to 52%. Overall outcomes of ECD DCD LT improved in Era II, with a significantly lower incidence of IC (5% vs. 17% in Era I; P = 0.03) and better 1‐year graft survival (93% vs. 75% in Era I, P = 0.07). Survival outcomes for ECD DCD LT in Era II were comparable to matched deceased donor (DBD) LT. With the expansion of the DCD donor pool, the number of DCD LT performed at our center gradually increased in Era II to account for > 20% of the center's LT volume. In conclusion, with the optimization of perioperative conditions, ECD DCD livers can be successfully transplanted to expand the donor pool for LT.Item Prognostic Impact of Peritransplant Serum Sodium Concentrations in Liver Transplantation(International Scientific Information, 2019-07-16) Mihaylov, Plamen; Nagai, Shunji; Ekser, Burcin; Mangus, Richard; Fridell, Jonathan; Kubal, Chandrashekhar; Surgery, School of MedicineBACKGROUND Serum sodium (Na) is considered to reflect the severity of liver cirrhosis. In the last few years, much effort has been made to integrate this association into prognostic models after liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations between peritransplant Na and neurological complications, as well as short-term survival, after liver transplantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 306 liver transplantations between 2012 and 2015 were evaluated. Pre- and posttransplant sodium concentrations were investigated with regard to 3-month survival and incidence of posttransplant neurological complications, along with other factors present in the operative side of the recipient and donor. RESULTS The 3-month survival rate was 94%. Neither hyponatremia (<130 mEq/L) nor hypernatremia (>145 mEq/L) at pretransplantion predicted 3-month survival. A large amount of intraoperative blood transfusion and a large delta Na showed a significant association with poor outcomes at 3 months. On multivariate analysis, the requirement of blood transfusion and warm ischemia time remained independent prognostic factors for 3-month mortality. Hyponatremia and a large delta Na tended to lead to the frequent development of neurological complications. These complications, secondary to rapid Na correction, were concerning and potentially led to a prolonged hospital stay and early mortality. CONCLUSIONS Rapid change in the sodium level might be caused by large amounts of blood transfusion products. This leads to a diminished short-term survival, as well as a higher rate of neurological complications.Item Re-exposure to beta cell autoantigens in pancreatic allograft recipients with pre-existing beta cell autoantibodies(Wiley, 2015-11) Mujtaba, Muhammad Ahmad; Fridell, Jonathan; Book, Benita; Faiz, Sara; Sharfuddin, Asif; Wiebke, Eric; Rigby, Mark; Taber, Tim; Department of Medicine, IU School of MedicineRe-exposure to beta cell autoantigens and its relevance in the presence of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) in pancreatic allograft recipients is not well known. Thirty-three patients requiring a pancreas transplant were enrolled in an IRB approved study. They underwent prospective monitoring for DSA and beta cell autoantibody (BCAA) levels to GAD65, insulinoma-associated antigen 2 (IA-2), insulin (micro-IAA [mIAA]), and islet-specific zinc transporter isoform-8 (ZnT8). Twenty-five (75.7%) had pre-transplant BCAA. Twenty had a single antibody (mIAA n = 15, GAD65 n = 5); five had two or more BCAA (GAD65 + mIAA n = 2, GAD65 + mIAA+IA-2 n = 2, GA65 + mIAA+IA-2 + ZnT8 = 1). No changes in GAD65 (p > 0.29), IA-2 (>0.16), and ZnT8 (p > 0.07) were observed between pre-transplant and post-transplant at 6 or 12 months. A decrease in mIAA from pre- to post-6 months (p < 0.0001), 12 months (p < 0.0001), and from post-6 to post-12 months (p = 0.0002) was seen. No new BCAA was observed at one yr. Seven (21.0%) developed de novo DSA. The incidence of DSA was 24% in patients with BCAA vs. 25% in patients without BCAA (p = 0.69). Pancreatic allograft function of patients with vs. without BCAA, and with and without BCAA + DSA was comparable until last follow-up (three yr). Re-exposure to beta cell autoantigens by pancreas transplant may not lead to increased levels or development of new BCAA or pancreatic allograft dysfunction.Item Reconstruction of Aberrant Left Hepatic Artery in Orthotopic Liver Transplantation – Single Center Experience(Lidsen, 2021) Mihaylov, Plamen; Ekser, Burcin; Soma, Daiki; Lutz, Andrew; Fridell, Jonathan; Kubal, Chandrashekhar A.; Surgery, School of MedicineOne of the most feared complications in liver transplantation is hepatic arterial thrombosis (HAT). The incidence of HAT in liver transplantation varies from 1.2% and 8%. One of the risk factors for this complication is anatomical complexity of hepatic arterial system. The focus of this short communication is to show our approach in dealing with aberrant left hepatic artery in settings of liver transplantation. This is a single center experience. Between January 2016 and June 2019, we procured and transplanted 357 adult liver allografts. Of these, there were 34 (9.5%) livers with aberrant left hepatic artery. All of them have been reconstructed on bench table. There was no incidence of HAT in the entire cohort with ALHA. The one-year graft survival for this patient cohort was 93.1%. Our surgical approach resulted in a low incidence of HAT of 1% with excellent graft survival.Item Steroid Free Three Drug Maintenance Regimen for Pancreas Transplant Alone: Comparison of Induction with Rabbit Antithymocyte Globulin +/- Rituximab(Wiley, 2018) Fridell, Jonathan; Mangus, Richard; Chen, Jeanne; Taber, Tim; Cabrales, Arianna E.; Sharfuddin, Asif; Yaqub, Muhammad; Powelson, John; Surgery, School of MedicineGraft survival following pancreas transplant alone (PTA) is inferior to other pancreas transplants. Steroid elimination is appealing, but a two drug maintenance strategy may be inadequate. Additionally, recipients tend to have diabetic nephropathy and do not tolerate nephrotoxic medications. A three‐drug maintenance strategy permits immunosuppression through different mechanisms as well as an opportunity to use lower doses of the individual medications. Induction consisted of five doses of rabbit antithymocyte globulin (1 mg/kg/dose). As of October 2007, a single dose of rituximab (150 mg/m2) was added. Maintenance consisted of tacrolimus, sirolimus and mycophenolate mofetil. From 2004 to 2017, 166 PTA were performed. Graft loss at 7‐ and 90‐ days were 4% and 5%, and one year patient and graft survival were 97% and 91%. Comparing induction without and with rituximab, there was no significant difference in 7 or 90 day graft loss, 1 year patient or graft survival or in the rate of rejection or infection. Rabbit antithymocyte globulin induction and steroid withdrawal followed by a three drug immunosuppression regimen is an excellent strategy for PTA recipients.