IU Indianapolis ScholarWorks :: Browsing by Author "Dean, Jeffrey A."

Browsing by Author "Dean, Jeffrey A."

Now showing 1 - 10 of 29

A machine learning model for orthodontic extraction/non-extraction decision in a racially and ethnically diverse patient population
(Elsevier, 2023-09) Mason, Taylor; Kelly, Kynnedy M.; Eckert, George; Dean, Jeffrey A.; Dundar, M. Murat; Turkkahraman, Hakan; Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, School of Dentistry
Introduction The purpose of the present study was to create a machine learning (ML) algorithm with the ability to predict the extraction/non-extraction decision in a racially and ethnically diverse sample. Methods Data was gathered from the records of 393 patients (200 non-extraction and 193 extraction) from a racially and ethnically diverse population. Four ML models (logistic regression [LR], random forest [RF], support vector machine [SVM], and neural network [NN]) were trained on a training set (70% of samples) and then tested on the remaining samples (30%). The accuracy and precision of the ML model predictions were calculated using the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve. The proportion of correct extraction/non-extraction decisions was also calculated. Results The LR, SVM, and NN models performed best, with an AUC of the ROC of 91.0%, 92.5%, and 92.3%, respectively. The overall proportion of correct decisions was 82%, 76%, 83%, and 81% for the LR, RF, SVM, and NN models, respectively. The features found to be most helpful to the ML algorithms in making their decisions were maxillary crowding/spacing, L1-NB (mm), U1-NA (mm), PFH:AFH, and SN-MP(̊), although many other features contributed significantly. Conclusions ML models can predict the extraction decision in a racially and ethnically diverse patient population with a high degree of accuracy and precision. Crowding, sagittal, and vertical characteristics all featured prominently in the hierarchy of components most influential to the ML decision-making process.
A retrospective clinical study of resin-modified glass ionomer restorations in the primary posterior dentition
(2023-06-01) Dean, Jeffrey A.; Peterson, Hans; Moawad, Amal N. A.; Sanders, Brian J.; Al-Hosainy, Ashraf
The study's objective was to evaluate the survival rate of resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) when used in a capsule form for restoring primary molars. The study was performed in a private pediatric dental practice in Indianapolis, Indiana. Patients included in this retrospective study had at least one RMGI restoration that had been in place at least 12 months previous to the restoration exam and chart review., The material used was Fuji II LC in capsules (GC., Alsip, IL). The cavity preparations were similar to that of amalgam restorations except that there was less extension for prevention, they were more conservative and with rounded line angles. The restorations were placed per the manufacturer’s instructions. The restorations were evaluated using a grading system that is a modification of the one used by Gunner Ryge. The results were as follows: 114 restorations were evaluated in 48 patients with a mean age of restorations of 35.42 months (12 to 76 months). The restorations received Alpha and Bravo grades for Marginal Integrity and for Wear at a rate of 96.0 and 95.6%, respectively, and 95.0% had no Recurrent Caries. The study showed a 93% success rate for restorations. This result supports previous research in that RMGI may be the material of choice when attempting to intracoronally restore primary molars. Also, the use of the capsule form which is mixed through trituration eliminated possible hand mixing errors, and the use of application tips and bulk filling the cavity might improve the overall strength of the restorations.
Attachment of Anterior Tooth Fragments
(1985) Dean, Jeffrey A.; Swartz, Marjorie L.; Avery, David; Barton, Paul; Klein, Arthur; Phillips, Ralph
This investigation examined the relationships of preparation and resin material types in the reattachment of fractured anterior tooth fragments. A total of 44 extracted maxillary central incisors were tested. Statistical analysis revealed that no-handpiece preparation was as retentive as a 45° circumferential bevel (p <.01). In addition, the light-cured resin proved as retentive as did the chemically-cured resin (p<.01). Also examined was the effect of the initial fracture angle on retention of the fragment after reluting. Teeth fractured with an angle sloping cervically in a lingual-to-facial direction when viewed proximally were more retentive than other types of fractures when subjected to a lingually directed force from the labial (p L.OS).
Can we predict orthodontic extraction patterns by using machine learning?
(Wiley, 2023) Leavitt, Landon; Volovic, James; Steinhauer, Lily; Mason, Taylor; Eckert, George; Dean, Jeffrey A.; Dundar, M. Murat; Turkkahraman, Hakan; Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, School of Dentistry
Objective To investigate the utility of machine learning (ML) in accurately predicting orthodontic extraction patterns in a heterogeneous population. Materials and Methods The material of this retrospective study consisted of records of 366 patients treated with orthodontic extractions. The dataset was randomly split into training (70%) and test sets (30%) and was stratified according to race/ethnicity and gender. Fifty-five cephalometric and demographic input data were used to train and test multiple ML algorithms. The extraction patterns were labelled according to the previous treatment plan. Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithms were used to predict the patient's extraction patterns. Results The highest class accuracy percentages were obtained for the upper and lower 1st premolars (U/L4s) (RF: 81.63%, LR: 63.27%, SVM: 63.27%) and upper 1st premolars only (U4s) extraction patterns (RF: 61.11%, LR: 72.22%, SVM: 72.22%). However, all methods revealed low class accuracy rates (<50%) for the upper 1st and lower 2nd premolars (U4/L5s), upper 2nd and lower 1st premolars (U5/L4s), and upper and lower 2nd premolars (U/L5s) extraction patterns. For the overall accuracy, RF yielded the highest percentage with 54.55%, followed by SVM with 52.73% and LR with 49.09%. Conclusion All tested supervised ML techniques yielded good accuracy in predicting U/L4s and U4s extraction patterns. However, they predicted poorly for the U4/L5s, U5/L4s, and U/L5s extraction patterns. Molar relationship, mandibular crowding, and overjet were found to be the most predictive indicators for determining extraction patterns.
A comparison of a 2.26% fluoride varnish versus a 1.23% APF foam using polarized light microscopy, confocal microscopy and quantitative light fluorescence
(2000) Quackenbush, Brett Michael; Dean, Jeffrey A.; Fontana, Margherita Ruth, 1966-; Stookey, George K.; Tomlin, Angela; Donly, Kevin J.
Secondary caries and the replacement of existing restorations account for 50 to 70 percent of operative dentistry today. Quantitative Light Fluorescence (QLF) has been shown to be effective at diagnosing very early tooth demineralization on smooth surfaces (less than 50 μ in depth); however, QLF has never been utilized to evaluate secondary caries in dentin. The objective of this study was to validate the accuracy of QLF in diagnosing early secondary caries and then verify the results using confocal microscopy and polarized light microscopy. Seventy-five mandibular molar teeth were prepared with Class V amalgam preparations on the mesial surface. A fluoridated varnish and 1.23- percent acidulated phosphate fluoride (APF) were introduced to this evaluation system, two agents known to effectively inhibit tooth demineralization. The artificial caries system utilized was adjusted to ensure that secondary caries would occur at restoration/tooth surface interfaces. The teeth were exposed to this artificial caries challenge for five days and following lesion formation, QLF was used to determine if incipient demineralization could be detected. The results of the QLF analysis were then compared with the data gathered using confocal microscopy and polarized light microscopy. Our results demonstrate that QLF detected 100 percent of the lesions seen with confocal microscopy and polarized light microscopy; however, no sound specimens were analyzed with any of the three techniques. There were no consistent significant differences between the fluoridated varnish and APF (p < 0.05) with any of the three methods utilized. We conclude that QLF can be used in early caries diagnosis and that emphasis should now be focused on treatment of the early lesion.
Comparison of electrosurgical and formocresol pulpotomy procedures
(1997) Fulkerson, Bradley Todd; Dean, Jeffrey A.; Sanders, Brian J.; Zunt, Susan L., 1951-; Legan, Joseph E.; Avery, David R.
Formocresol is the most commonly used pharmacologic pulpotomy agent. Concerns over its safety have led investigators to search for new pulpotomy medicaments. This study compared the electrosurgical pulpotomy with the formocresol pulpotomy in teeth requiring pulp therapy after carious involvement. There were 25 pulpotomies performed in each group. The teeth were evaluated for clinical and radiographic success after at least six months. In the electrosurgical group, the clinical and radiographic success rates were 96 percent and 84 percent, respectively. The age range at the time of treatment was 26 to 97 months, with a mean treatment age of 63.6 months. The postoperative observation time range was six to 31 months, with the mean being 10.9 months. In the formocresol group, the clinical and radiographic success rates were 100 percent and 92 percent, respectively. The age range at the time of treatment was 32 to 126 months, with a mean treatment age of 68.2 months. The postoperative observation time ranged from five to 25 months, with the mean being 11.5 months. The electrosurgical and forrnocresol groups were compared for differences in the percentage of successes by using a Fisher's Exact test. There were no statistical differences between the two groups at the p < 0.05 level. Therefore, this study failed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in the success rate between the electrosurgical and formocresol pulpotomy techniques and supports the use of the electrosurgical pulpotomy as a viable and safe alternative to formocresol.
Comparison of Electrosurgical and Formocresol Pulpotomy Procedures
(1997) Fulkerson, Bradley Todd; Dean, Jeffrey A.; Avery, David R.; Sanders, Brian J.; Zunt, Susan L.; Legan, Joseph E.
Formocresol is the most commonly used pharmacologic pulpotomy agent. Concerns over its safety have led investigators to search for new pulpotomy medicaments. This study compared the electrosurgical pulpotomy with the formocresol pulpotomy in teeth requiring pulp therapy after carious involvement. There were 25 pulpotomies performed in each group. The teeth were evaluated for clinical and radiographic success after at least six months. In the electrosurgical group, the clinical and radiographic success rates were 96 percent and 84 percent, respectively. The age range at the time of treatment was 26 to 97 months, with a mean treatment age of 63.6 months. The postoperative observation time range was six to 31 months, with the mean being 10.9 months. In the formocresol group, the clinical and radiographic success rates were 100 percent and 92 percent, respectively. The age range at the time of treatment was 32 to 126 months, with a mean treatment age of 68.2 months. The postoperative observation time ranged from five to 25 months, with the mean being 11.5 months. The electrosurgical and formocresol groups were compared for differences in the percentage of successes by using a Fisher's Exact test. There were no statistical differences between the two groups at the p < 0.05 level. Therefore, this study failed to demonstrate a statistically significant difference in the success rate between the electrosurgical and formocresol pulpotomy techniques and supports the use of the electrosurgical pulpotomy as a viable and safe alternative to formocresol.
A comparison of hardness and abrasion resistance of two sealant materials after polymerization from different distances by different light sources
(2008) Ritchie, Craig D.; Dean, Jeffrey A.; Avery, David R.; Sanders, Brian J.; Weddell, James A. (James Arthur), 1949-; Platt, Jeffrey A., 1958-; Tomlin, Angela; Moore, B. Keith
BACKGROUND The efficacy of sealants to aid in the prevention of pit and fissure caries is well documented. In order for the sealants to be effective, they must be placed properly and retained for as long as possible. Clinicians must be aware that the proper placement of sealants is technique-sensitive and must be well controlled in order to achieve the best results. This study aims to determine if certain variables have an effect on curing of the sealant material to a degree that would compromise its integrity, strength, and longevity. METHODS AND MATERIALS Two commonly used sealant materials Ultraseal XT (Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, UT) and Delton (Dentsply International, Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada) were chosen and tested for microhardness and abrasion resistance after they were polymerized. This study did not focus on the materials themselves, but rather the technique by which they were polymerized and what effect this had on the materials. Three separate light sources, a traditional halogen light (QHL 75, Dentsply International, Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada), and two newer LED lights (Ultralume LED, Ultradent Products Inc., South Jordan, UT; and 3M Freelight LED, 3M Corp, St Paul, MN) were used in this study. The materials were then cured with each light at each of three different distances: contact (0.5 mm), 2 mm, and 10 mm. The effects of light source variation and distance from the material at the time of polymerization was then evaluated for any significance to sealant placement technique. Specimens were tested for each variable combination of sealant material, light source, and distance between the two while curing. Six samples were tested for each variable grouping for abrasion resistance, and four separate san1ples were tested fron1 the san1e grouping for Knoop hardness. The results were analyzed for significance to determine if certain techniques are or could be beneficial or damaging to the quality of care provided by today's practitioners. RESULTS It was found that materials and light sources varied in combination and with different techniques (e.g., distance). In general, the top surface polymerized best when cured at a distance of 2 mm to 10 mm, while the bottom surface polymerized best at a distance of 0.5 mm. The halogen light consistently outperformed the two LED lights, with the 3M LED consistently producing the worst results. CONCLUSIONS The halogen curing light used in this study outperformed the LED lights in almost every category, despite the LED light manufacturer's claims of equality. For more reliable polymerization, the halogen light should be used. SIGNIFICANCE The practitioner must be aware of the material that he/she is using and how the chosen light source polymerizes that material. Manufacturers' claims and recommendations cannot be trusted to accurately produce the best results with every product on the market today, sometimes not even with the manufacturers' own products. It is crucial for practitioners to be well versed and knowledgeable about the products that they use, based on current research and not manufacturers' claims.
A comparison of neodymium: Yttrium, aluminum, garnet laser effects between primary and permanent enamel of dissaciated teeth
(1995) Tleel, Nora Najeeb, 1967-; Dean, Jeffrey A.; Sanders, Brian J.; Schemehorn, Bruce Richard, 1950-; Pruesz, Gerald C.; Avery, David R.
While advances in lasers for soft tissue applications have drastically increased its usage in dentistry, laser use for hard tissue still needs development. This study was conducted to determine the difference between permanent and primary enamel after their exposure to the Nd:YAG laser. Four parameters were studied: Surface topography, acid resistance, surface hardness and caries-like lesion depth creation. Differences between lased primary and permanent teeth were seen in two parameters. Calcium disassociation during acid attack was significantly higher for lased primary enamel (p=0.0126), and lased primary enamel became softer while permanent enamel became harder (p=0.0001). While this study adds to the body of knowledge related to hard tissue laser use, further evaluation and research is needed prior to the routine use of the laser on primary enamel.
Comparison of the Incidence of Bolton Tooth Mass Discrepancy in African-American and Caucasian Populations
(1998) Adelsperger, M. Jayme; Hartsfield, James K., Jr.; Dean, Jeffrey A.; Garner, LaForrest D.; Hathaway, Ronald R.; Hohlt, William F.; Shanks, James C.
Tooth mass discrepancies have been studied extensively in Caucasian populations, but little has been done to compare differences between Caucasian and African-American populations. The objective of this study was to determine whether the incidence of tooth mass discrepancies between the maxillary and mandibular arches was greater in African-American populations than Caucasian populations. Pretreatment plaster orthodontic models of 100 African-American and 100 Caucasian patients from the Indiana University Orthodontic Clinic and from one private practitioner were measured with a Mitutoyo Digimatic® caliper accurate to 0.01 mm. Mesiodistal widths of all teeth from first molar to first molar were measured with the mesio-buccal and disto-buccal contact areas normally being the widest area. The investigator was blinded to the gender and ethnicity of the subject by assigning each model a random number which was matched to the patient profile only following statistical analysis. Anterior ratios and total (posterior+ anterior) ratios were calculated according to the methods described by Bolton and were compared to the Bolton means and standard deviations. Incidence of tooth mass discrepancy was also investigated according to gender and dental malocclusion classification of the individuals. Tooth mass discrepancies present a hurdle to the clinician in achieving an ideal occlusion. Reports of the incidence of significant discrepancies in defined populations alerts the practitioner to problems in finishing their patients' occlusions. Results of the study show nearly double the incidence of overall Bolton tooth mass discrepancy in the African-American sample than in the Caucasian. The overall tooth mass discrepancy was more severe in the African-American sample, while anterior tooth mass discrepancies were nearly identical in both populations.

Browsing by Author "Dean, Jeffrey A."

Results Per Page

Sort Options