School of Dentistry

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Browsing School of Dentistry by Author "Abogazalah, Naif"

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    In Vitro Performance of Near Infrared Light Transillumination at 780-nm and Digital Radiography for Detection of Non-Cavitated Approximal Caries
    (Elsevier, 2017) Abogazalah, Naif; Eckert, George J.; Ando, Masatoshi; Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry
    Objectives To evaluate the ability of a Near Infrared Light Transillumination (NILT) device to detect non-cavitated approximal caries lesions; and to compare its performance to Digital Radiography (DR). Methods Thirty human extracted premolars (sound to lesions into the outer one-third of dentin) were selected. Lesion depth was confirmed by micro-computed tomography (μ-CT). Teeth were mounted in a custom-made device to simulate approximal contact. DR and NILT (CariVu™, DEXIS, LLC, Hatfield, PA, USA) examinations were performed and repeated by three trained and calibrated examiners. Sensitivity, specificity, area under ROC curve (Az), inter- and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) for each method, and correlation among the methods were determined. Results ICCs for intra-/inter-examiner agreement were substantial for NILT (0.69/0.64), and moderate for DR (0.52/0.48). Sensitivity/specificity for NILT and DR were 0.68/0.93 and 0.50/0.64, respectively. Az for NILT was 0.81, while for DR it was 0.61. Spearman correlation coefficient with μ-CT for NILT (0.65, p<0.001) demonstrated moderate association, while that of DR suggested no association (0.19, p = 0.289). Conclusion Within the limitations of this in vitro study, NILT demonstrated a potential for early approximal caries detection. NILT and DR performed the same regarding the accuracy for non-cavitated approximal caries detection; however, NILT was superior to DR in terms of repeatability, agreement and correlation with μ-CT.
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    The Saudi Arabian national demographic and health survey, 2017: Study design and oral health-related influences
    (Elsevier, 2023-01) Abogazalah, Naif; Yiannoutsos, Constantin; Martinez-Mier, Esperanza-Angeles; Tantawy, Muhammad; Yepes, Juan Fernando; Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry
    Objective To describe the study design, and the distal and proximal influences on oral health reported in the national demographic and health survey (DHS) of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) in 2017. Methods The 2017 KSA DHS used an innovative multistage stratified random-sampling technique to select the population sample by using primary health care centers’ (PHCs) catchment areas as the primary sampling unit. Over 45,000 household heads plus a family member were interviewed. A conceptual framework for distal and proximal oral health influences specific to the KSA was adapted based on the oral health surveillance model. Cross-tabulation and Chi-square tests were performed with consideration for sample weights to provide estimates representative for the KSA population. Frequencies and weighted percentages for each variable reflecting each construct were reported. Results The total number of individuals included in the analysis was n = 55,511, ages ranging between 2 and > 65 years. Lack of dental care when needed was reported for 22.5 % of the population (males = 20.8 %/females = 24.7 %). Proportion of population from Central, West, East, South, and North regions who reported available dental care services when needed was 62.3 %, 58.0 %, 58.9 %, 62.3 %, and 60.1 %, respectively. PHCs were the most regular source for dental care (55.1 %). In total, 48.3 % visited the dentist at least once last year (males = 49.4 % /females = 46.8 %). Dental pain was the most common reason for last dental visit (69.0 %), while only 6.4 % reported visited the dentist for routine visit. Only 15.3 % reported brushing their teeth at least twice per day (males = 14.6 % /females = 16.4 %). Conclusion Two major oral health influences previously reported to have a significant negative influence on oral health, namely, limited routine dental check-up visits and inadequate oral hygiene, were present among KSA residents. Further inferential study is needed to investigate such influence on oral health status within the KSA population.