Lilly Family School of Philanthropy

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Browsing Lilly Family School of Philanthropy by Author "Ai, Jin"

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    Activating Community Resilience: The Emergence of COVID-19 Funds Across the United States
    (Sage, 2020-11) Paarlberg, Laurie E.; LePere-Schloop, Megan; Ai, Jin; Ming, Yue; Walk, Marlene; Lilly Family School of Philanthropy
    This article draws upon concepts of community resilience to explore the antecedents of community philanthropic organizations’ response to COVID-19. Although the pandemic is a global threat, responses have been local. We test a model of community resilience activation in the context of the emergence of local COVID-19 funds. We find that a philanthropic organization’s capacity to act in a crisis and respond to the needs of the community depends on the stock of community capitals and organizational capacity. The importance of economic, cultural, and political factors in predicting the emergence of a fund raises important questions about disparities in resilience along class and race lines and the role of political ideology in shaping perceptions of crises. Our research contributes to our understanding of community philanthropic organizations’ capacity to activate community resources during a crisis.
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    Applying Bibliometric Techniques: Studying Interdisciplinarity in Higher Education Curriculum
    (Computation, 2022) Herzog, Patricia Snell; Ai, Jin; Ashton, Julia
    Bibliometric methods are relevant for a range of applications and disciplines. The majority of existing scholarship investigating citation and reference patterns focuses on studying research impact. This article presents a new approach to studying the curriculum using bibliometric methods. Through a review of existing definitions and measures of interdisciplinary research and standardization procedures for comparing disciplinary citations, three measures were considered: variety, balance and dissimilarity. Bibliometric algorithms for assessing these measures were adopted and modified for a curriculum context, and three interdisciplinary programs were investigated that span undergraduate and graduate degrees. Data objects were course syllabi, and required references were coded for disciplinary affiliations. The results indicated that—despite purportedly pursuing a singular goal in the same academic unit—the programs employed distinct citation patterns. Variety was highest in the master’s program, and balance was highest in the doctoral program. Dissimilarity was highest in the doctoral program, yet a novel technique for disambiguating disciplinary composition was implemented to improve interpretation. The analysis yielded unexpected findings, which underscore the value of a systematic approach in advancing beyond discourse by harnessing bibliometric techniques to reveal underlying curricula structure. This study contributed a well-grounded bibliometric method that can be replicated in future studies.
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    Bibliometric Applications in Social Science Research: The Social Network Context of Generosity
    (IntechOpen, 2023) Herzog, Patricia Snell; Ai, Jin; Osili, Una; Clark, Chelsea; Kou, Xiaonan
    Whether or not a person chooses to act philanthropically can seem like a personal decision. Yet, giving is inherently a social act, minimally involving a giver and a receiver. The relational aspects of giving decisions can be studied by investigating social networks. What is known about the role of social networks in charitable giving? To answer this question, this study utilizes bibliometric techniques to review existing literature in a systematic manner. Applying these tools to social science research facilitates integration of knowledge across multiple disciplines and diverse methodological approaches. Across the reviewed research, there are five central themes. First, networks can shape values of efforts to support the public good. Second, networks can informally punish people for acting too self-interestedly. Third, networks can join together or exclude, contributing to social inequality and its reproduction over time. Fourth, networks can maintain group dynamics. Fifth, networks can pattern behaviors into habits, form interdependence, situate what is considered normal, and provide stability in times of crisis. Implications of existing research are drawn toward understanding young adulthood within its networked social contexts of generosity.
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    The Landscape of Community Philanthropy: Navigating Relationships between local United Ways and Community Foundations
    (2020-09) Paarlberg, Laurie E.; LePere-Schloop, Megan; Horning, Cherilyn; Ai, Jin
    Community philanthropic organizations, those organizations like United Ways and community foundations, have traditionally played important roles by raising and distribute resources within a specific geographic place, increasingly play important roles in planning for and funding local public service delivery. Over the last two decades, the field of community philanthropy has experienced many shifts. Changing donor expectations, increased competition from other nonprofits and commercial funds, economic restructuring and demographic shifts have all pushed local United Ways and community foundations to rethink their roles and their business models. These changes also affect relationships between organizations. This report summarizes the roles that United Ways and community foundations play in their local communities, their perceptions of the changes going on in the world around them and their perceptions of their relationships with each other.
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    The Political Embeddedness of Voluntary Action: The Case of Local Philanthropic COVID-19 Relief Funds
    (Sage, 2023) Paarlberg, Laurie E.; Ai, Jin; LePere-Schloop, Megan; Walk, Marlene; Lilly Family School of Philanthropy
    Scholars and policymakers have long been interested in the complex relationships between political institutions and voluntary collective action. However, the reciprocal nature of their relationships complicates empirical analysis: voluntary action supports democratic institutions and political institutions enable voluntary action. This article examines the relationship between political institutions and the activation of local voluntary action in the context of COVID-19 funds managed by community philanthropic organizations. We find that political engagement, policy signaling, and political competition all support the emergence of a COVID-19 fund. The findings advance our understanding of the significant role that political institutions play in activating voluntary action.
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    Understanding Cooperation in the Face of Competition: Coopetitive Dynamics Between Community Foundations and Local United Ways
    (2021-06-01) Ai, Jin; Cat-Turner, Lindsay; Horning, Cherilyn; Paarlberg, Laurie E.
    This study examines “coopetitive” relationships between community foundations and local United Ways, relationships that combine both cooperative and competitive elements. Although business management literature has widely recognized that interorganizational relationships often are not purely cooperative or competitive, coopetitive relationships have received less attention in nonprofit research. We use a mixed methods approach to explore the concept of nonprofit coopetition. Drawing upon quantitative survey data and qualitative interviews from eight communities, we examine the existence and conditions in which coopetitive relationships are developed and maintained.