Computer-assisted analysis of dental crowding and its relationship to tooth size, arch dimension, and arch form in the mixed dentition, utilizing the Apple II personal computer

Abstract

The programs developed in this study are examples of how a personal computer can aid the delivery of dental care. The versatility of the computer depends on the availability of a variety of programs specifically developed for dentistry, without which computers will have little impact on treatment. Moyers' analysis adapted for the Apple II and its research modification are computer programs developed specifically for dentistry. Accurately predicting the mesiodistal widths of the unerupted permanent canines and premolars in the mixed dentition can lead to orthodontic treatment that is optimally timed, with desirable facial and dental results. The stage of the mixed dentition constitutes the most intricate period in the development of the occlusion; any small anomaly occurring in this stage can pose complicated problems for the permanent dentition, requiring a more extensive and expensive mechanotherapy. Malocclusion is a developmental problem. Analysis of dental crowding and its relationship to tooth size and arch dimensions yielded the following results for the maxillary and mandibular arches: 1. Statistically different values for tooth size were noted between crowded and noncrowded groups, with crowded individuals having larger teeth. 2. Arch perimeter and arch depth were significantly smaller in crowded groups than noncrowded groups. 3. No significant differences were noted between crowded and noncrowded groups in arch width or symmetry. 4. Significant differences were demonstrated in the eccentricity value of an ellipse for crowded and noncrowded cases. This study suggests that dental crowding is associated with both small dental arches and large teeth. Therefore, greater consideration may be given to those treatment techniques which increase dental arch width, length, and perimeter. This is especially relevant in younger patients whose dentitions are in the deciduous and mixed stages of development. Further investigation into the relationship of dental crowding and arch shape with a larger sample might be productive. The eccentricity of a curve should be used to evaluate pre and post orthodontic treatment. Modifications to the basic computer program could include prediction values for Black Americans, cephalometric value interpretation, and the Bolton and Ponts analysis as a comprehensive diagnostic computer package.