Process outcomes from a randomized controlled trial comparing tailored mammography interventions delivered via telephone versus DVD

Abstract

Objective Tailored, interactive mammography-promotion interventions can increase adherence if women are exposed to and find them usable. We compare exposure to and usability of interventions delivered via telephone vs. DVD.

Methods Process evaluation measures from 926 women randomly assigned to telephone or DVD intervention and completing post-intervention surveys.

Results ∼83% of each group reported exposure to all content. Partial exposure was higher for DVD (9% vs. 0.4%; p < .01); no exposure was higher for phone (15% vs. 8%; p < .01). There were no differences in exposure by age or race. Full phone exposure was less likely for women who already made mammography appointments. Usability rating was higher for DVD (p < .05), driven by ratings of understandability and length. Usability of both interventions was correlated with lower baseline barriers, and higher fear, benefits, and self efficacy. Higher ratings for phone were associated with lower knowledge and contemplating mammography. Non-whites rated DVD better than whites.

Conclusion Both tailored interactive interventions had wide reach and favorable ratings, but DVD recipients had greatest exposure to at least partial content and more favorable ratings, especially among non-white women.

Practice implications This first evaluation of a tailored, interactive DVD provides promise for its use in mammography promotion.