Subjective memory complaints and social participation among older adults: results from the health and retirement study

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to examine whether subjective memory complaints (SMC) contribute to social participation among older adults. Method: The study sample was 4,713 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older from four waves (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016) of the Health and Retirement Study. Hierarchical linear modeling analysis was used to examine the association of SMC with social participation after controlling for factors influencing social participation. Demographic factors (i.e. age, gender, and perceived socioeconomic status) were entered in block 1, health-related factors (i.e. health conditions, perceived health, instrumental activities of daily living, memory-immediate and delayed, and depressive symptoms) were entered in block 2, environmental factors (i.e. perceived social support and strain from spouse, child, family, and friend) were entered in block 3, and SMC was entered in block 4. Results: The result showed that factors significantly contributing to social participation are age (standardized β = –0.08, p < 0.01), perceived socioeconomic status (β = 0.16, p < 0.001), perceived health (β = 0.15, p < 0.001), instrumental activities of daily living (β = 0.12, p < 0.001), memory-immediate and delayed (β = 0.09, p < 0.001; β = 0.08, p < 0.001, respectively), social support from spouse and friend (β = 0.04, p < 0.05; β = 0.13, p < 0.001, respectively), social strain from friend (β = 0.07, p < 0.001), and SMC (β = –0.05, p < 0.001). The demographic factors explained 9.5%, health-related factors explained 8.5%, environmental factors explained 2.4%, and SMC explained 0.1% of the variance in social participation. Conclusion: This finding suggests that SMC may contribute to social participation in older adults.