Spirituality in Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

Abstract

More than two decades ago, both the World Health Organization and the United Nations acknowledged spirituality as a core dimension of child development and an essential element of quality healthcare. Despite these recognitions, spirituality has not been well integrated into healthcare providers’ practice and training, especially in adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer care, because there is a lack of understanding of spirituality informed by AYAs’ lived experiences. To build evidence-based programs and healthcare providers’ training that supports spirituality in AYA cancer care, there is a need to describe the experiences of spirituality among AYA during cancer diagnosis and treatments. This dissertation used a descriptive qualitative research design to describe the experiences of spirituality among AYA during their cancer diagnosis and treatment. Study aims were to (1) describe how AYA with cancer (a) describe themselves, (b) define spirituality, (c) experience sources of support, (d) articulate the meaning of life, and (e) articulate their spiritual beliefs; and (2) Aim 2: describe how AYA’s cancer experiences influence their spirituality and how their spirituality influences their experiences with cancer and their healthcare. A conventional content analysis was used to analyze the transcripts. The 11 AYA participants described themselves in terms of diverse cultural and religious beliefs. Their spirituality definitions often were rooted in religious perspectives, especially Christianity, and emphasized connections with a higher power or beliefs that shaped how they lived their daily lives. Sources of support came from several persons, especially family and friends. Participants’ cancer journeys led them to appreciate life more, feel closer to God, and evaluate their meaning and purpose in life. Many participants agreed that healthcare providers should address spirituality, while others expressed ambivalence about it. When providers addressed participants’ spirituality, it created a sense of closeness between participants and their providers. The participants’ spiritual views, in turn, helped them cope with cancer and maintain a positive outlook, improving their health.