Use of electromagnetic stimulation on an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in root canal treated teeth in vitro

dc.contributor.advisorSpolnik, Kenneth J.
dc.contributor.authorKindler, Justin K.
dc.contributor.otherDuarte, Simone
dc.contributor.otherGregory, Richard L.
dc.contributor.otherEhrlich, Ygal
dc.contributor.otherBringas, Josef S.
dc.date.accessioned2019-06-24T13:57:56Z
dc.date.available2019-06-24T13:57:56Z
dc.date.issued2019
dc.degree.date2019en_US
dc.degree.disciplineSchool of Dentistryen
dc.degree.grantorIndiana Universityen_US
dc.degree.levelM.S.D.en_US
dc.descriptionIndiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)en_US
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: Nonsurgical root canal therapy procedures aim to reduce the total microbial load within an infected root canal system through chemomechanical debridement of the root canal system via instrumentation in conjunction with an antibacterial irrigating solution. The most commonly used irrigant is sodium hypochlorite, often at concentrations toxic to human cells. Electromagnetic wave irradiation is a novel method of disinfection that has been shown to be bactericidal against planktonic microorganisms in solution, but its efficacy against an established biofilm is unknown. Pilot studies have demonstrated a synergistic killing effect with sodium hypochlorite through a process termed electromagnetic stimulation (EMS). If confirmed, lower concentrations of the current gold standard of 6.0-percent sodium hypochlorite could be used to irrigate infected root canals during endodontic treatment, resulting in less toxicity to human cells. There are also regenerative implications as EMS could be used to disinfect the root canals of immature teeth using 1.5-percent sodium hypochlorite, as recommended by the American Association of Endodontists. Objectives: The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the anti-biofilm effect of EMS against an established biofilm of Enterococcus faecalis. Materials and Methods: Single rooted teeth were cut to a standardized length (12 mm) and instrumented with a 45.05 Wave One Gold reciprocating file. Specimens were sterilized and inoculated with E. faecalis, which grew for two weeks to form an established biofilm. There were five treatment groups: 1) 6.0-percent sodium hypochlorite; 2) 1.5-percent sodium hypochlorite; 3) 1.5-percent sodium hypochlorite with EMS; 4) 0.9-percent saline with EMS and 5) 0.9-percent saline. Samples were collected, plated, and incubated for two days. The number of CFUs/mL was determined and converted to log10. The effect of treatment group on bacterial counts was made using Wilcoxon Rank Sums Test. One sample per group was scored and split for confocal imaging. Null Hypothesis: Teeth treated with EMS in combination with 1.5-percent sodium hypochlorite or 0.9-percent saline will not demonstrate a significant anti-biofilm effect in comparison to those treated with 6.0-percent sodium hypochlorite alone. Results: 0.9-percent saline and 0.9-percent saline with EMS were significantly higher than 6.0-percent NaOCl, 1.5-percent NaOCl, and 1.5-percent NaOCl with EMS. 0.9-percent saline was significantly higher than 0.9-percent saline with EMS. The three groups that included treatment with NaOCl were not significantly different from each other. Confocal imaging confirmed the CFU findings. Conclusion: Because there was no growth in any of the NaOCl groups, the null hypothesis cannot be rejected. However, there was an antibiofilm effect when comparing the two saline groups, demonstrating that EMS has an antibiofilm effect. Future studies should focus on determining what concentration of NaOCl is most effective in combination with EMS.en_US
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/1805/19654
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.7912/C2/1620
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.subjectelectromagnetic stimulationen_US
dc.subjectenterococcus faecalisen_US
dc.subjectbiofilmen_US
dc.subjectroot canalen_US
dc.subjectroot canal therapyen_US
dc.subjectEndodonticsen_US
dc.subject.meshBiofilms
dc.subject.meshElectromagnetic Radiation
dc.subject.meshEndodontics
dc.subject.meshEnterococcus faecalis
dc.subject.meshRoot Canal Therapy
dc.subject.meshSodium Hypochlorite
dc.titleUse of electromagnetic stimulation on an Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in root canal treated teeth in vitroen_US
dc.typeThesisen
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