Optimal Time and Temperature for Maximum Moment and Springback and Residual Stress Relief of Stainless Steel Wire

Abstract

Stainless steel wire, Type 304, was tested using three measurements to indicate the best time and temperature for optimal spring properties. The measurements used were springback2 -springback1, relaxation-springback1, and maximum-moment values. It appears that the degree of improvement and stress relief obtained is time and temperature sensitive. Low temperature stress relieving appear to be of definite benefit and it certainly compliments what is known about sensitization phenomena. There was no uniform increase in springback as the temperature was increased. Springback and stress relief appear to be maximum at relatively low temperatures (650° to 750°F.) for 11 minutes.

This research was done to help define some of the capacities of orthodontic materials. In the future, we must understand failure mechanisms with more accuracy and define mechanical properties, as they affect orthodontic appliances, with more meaningful tests and specifications.