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Item Abandoned Mine Voids for Pumped Storage Hydro(Juniper Publishers, 2019) Schubert, Peter J.; Izadian, Afshin; Wheeler, J. W.; Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering and TechnologyPumped Storage Hydro (PSH) is geographically limited but can expand greatly if abandoned subsurface coal mines are leveraged for the lower reservoir. Such lands are already permitted, generally less desirable, and found in regions eager for job creation. Vertical stacking of the upper and lower reservoirs is an efficient use of the land. Water can be raised by electric pumps as part of energy arbitrage; however, water can also be raised with Hydraulic Wind Turbines. HWTs are far less costly than traditional electric turbines, and start-up at lower wind speeds - thereby extending their geographic range. The HWT masts can serve double duty as tent poles to support translucent architectural fabric over the surface lake. This prevents evaporation and ingress of wildlife, and provides an interior space useful for non-electric revenue, such as aquaculture and greenhouses. Water cycled through the system can, in some cases, supplement local sources. Seepage through water tables replenishes clean water. Subsurface water is cool and can be circulated through server farms in data centers which represents a potential revenue source that can be started up well in advance of the primary energy storage operation. Combined, these factors bring an innovative solution to site selection, design, and engineering for PSH which promises accelerated commissioning and permitting, and low-cost operation. The bottom line for communities in Coal Country is more jobs and cheaper power.Item Configuration Analysis and Design of a Wind Turbine With Hydrostatic Transmission System(ASME, 2016-11) Deldar, Majid; Izadian, Afshin; Anwar, Sohel; Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and TechnologyThis paper presents a methodology for designing and dimensioning of hydrostatic transmission system (HTS) configurations for wind turbines. HTS provides an alternative method to the gearbox in wind power applications. It decouples the turbine and the generator such that the generator can be driven at synchronous speed regardless of wind speed variation. A comparison of different HTS configurations shows that the functionality and performance of the proposed system depends on proper dimensioning of hydraulic components and the circuit configuration. Practical constraints of wind turbine and hydraulic technologies are considered in the design to configure an industrial scale system. The design objectives include obtaining the maximum system efficiency at the rated and high efficiency at partial load. Different hydrostatic systems were designed and simulated to show potentials for improving the overall efficiency of wind power using HTS. It was shown that the larger swept area and moderate speed generator improve efficiency of hydrostatic drivetrain. Optimization of the entire HTSWT can improve output power from a HTSWT to an extent that its annual energy production (AEP) becomes closely equal to AEP of a geared WT.Item EFFICIENCY AND LOSS CALCULATIONS OF A GEARLESS WIND POWER TRANSFER SYSTEM(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2012-04-13) Pusha, Ayana; Izadian, AfshinA gearless hydraulic wind energy transfer system utilizes the hydraulic power transmission principles to integrate the energy of multiple wind tur-bines in a central power generation location. A Hydraulic Transmission (HT) can transmit high power and can operate over a wide range of torque-to-speed ratios, allowing the transmission of intermittent wind power. The torque to speed ratios illustrates the relationship between the torque and speed of a motor (or pump) from the moment of start to when full-load torque is reached at the rated speed, provided by the manufacturer. This ra-tio determines the power capacity of the motor (or pump). The efficiency of a HT is dependent on several parameters including volu-metric flow rate, rotational speed and torque at the pump shaft, and the pressure difference across the inlet and outlet of the hydraulic pump and motor. In this poster, experimental data will be collected to determine the efficiency of a closed loop hydraulic transmission that integrates multiple wind turbines. The configuration will be modified to include multiple pumps and motors to determine how the efficiency of the system can be improved. This research was supported by IUPUI Solution Center.Item Sliding Mode Extremum Seeking Control for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Wind System(IEEE, 2016-02) Shen, Dan; Khayyer, Pardis; Izadian, Afshin; Department of Engineering Technology, School of Engineering and TechnologyThis paper proposes a sliding mode extremum seeking control (SM-ESC) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in variable speed wind energy conversion system, which includes the permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG), the uncontrolled rectifier, boost converter, battery and the DC constant power load (CPL). The presented MPPT control method integrates the theory of sliding mode control and the extremum seeking control. It refrains from some disadvantages in traditional wind MPPT methods, such as detecting the gradient of output power vs. rotor speed, longer transient response, high frequency noise and larger oscillations of output power. The specific working principle and adaptive step size setting of the MPPT controller are also analyzed based on the SM-ESC algorithm. Numerical simulation results demonstrate accurate operation and robustness of the MPPT algorithm in each operating condition.