Browsing by Subject "trends"
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Item 2016 top trends in academic libraries A review of the trends and issues affecting academic libraries in higher education(ACRL, 2016-06) Chabot, Lisabeth; Bivens-Tatum, Wayne; Coates, Heather L.; Kern, M. Kathleen; Leonard, Michelle; Palazzolo, Chris; Tanji, Lorelei; Wang, Minglu; University LibraryEvery other year, the ACRL Research Planning and Review Committee produces a document on top trends in higher education as they relate to academic librarianship. The 2016 Top Trends report discusses research data services, digital scholarship, collection assessment trends, content provider mergers, evidence of learning, new directions with the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy, altmetrics, emerging staff positions, and open educational resources.Item 2024 LGBTQ+ Index Report(Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, 2024-04) Indiana University Lilly FamilyThe 2024 edition of the LGBTQ+ Index incorporates fresh data from 2020 and 2021 to offer a decade-long perspective on the sector. This period marks a critical juncture, reflecting both the impact of global events like the COVID-19 pandemic and significant shifts in public and private support for LGBTQ+ causes.The primary aim of this Index is to provide philanthropy scholars, practitioners, policymakers, donors, and a wider audience with detailed insights into LGBTQ+ organizations, particularly focusing on the funding disparities they face and the unique challenges they navigate. This information is not only a valuable benchmark for nonprofit organizations within the sector, but also a resource for development officers and nonprofit leaders to forge meaningful connections and align their efforts. Moreover, donors and funders can leverage this research to identify gaps in existing resources and tailor their contributions to address the unique needs of LGBTQ+ organizations.Item ASN Presidential Address 2014: moving past nephrology's midlife crisis(American Society of Nephrology (ASN), 2015-04) Moe, Sharon M.; Department of Medicine, IU School of MedicineItem The changing prevalence and incidence of dementia over time — current evidence(Nature, 2017) Wu, Yu-Tzu; Beiser, Alexa S.; Breteler, Monique M. B.; Fratiglioni, Laura; Helmer, Catherine; Hendrie, Hugh C.; Honda, Hiroyuki; Ikram, M. Arfan; Langa, Kenneth M.; Lobo, Antonio; Matthews, Fiona E.; Ohara, Tomoyuki; Pérès, Karine; Qiu, Chengxuan; Seshadri, Sudha; Sjölund, Britt-Marie; Skoog, Ingmar; Brayne, Carol; Psychiatry, School of MedicineDementia is an increasing focus for policymakers, civil organizations and multidisciplinary researchers. The most recent descriptive epidemiological research into dementia is enabling investigation into how the prevalence and incidence are changing over time. To establish clear trends, such comparisons need to be founded on population-based studies that use similar diagnostic and research methods consistently over time. This narrative Review synthesizes the findings from 14 studies that investigated trends in dementia prevalence (nine studies) and incidence (five studies) from Sweden, Spain, the UK, the Netherlands, France, the USA, Japan and Nigeria. Besides the Japanese study, these studies indicate stable or declining prevalence and incidence of dementia, and some provide evidence of sex-specific changes. No single risk or protective factor has been identified that fully explains the observed trends, but major societal changes and improvements in living conditions, education and healthcare might have favourably influenced physical, mental and cognitive health throughout an individual's life course, and could be responsible for a reduced risk of dementia in later life. Analytical epidemiological approaches combined with translational neuroscientific research could provide a unique opportunity to explore the neuropathology that underlies changing occurrence of dementia in the general population.Item The charismatic journey of mastery learning(Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer) - Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2015-11) Inui, Thomas S.; Department of Medicine, IU School of MedicineA collection of articles in this issue examine the concept of mastery learning, underscoring that our journey is from a 19th-century construct for assuring skill development (i.e., completing a schedule of rotations driven by the calendar) to a 21st-century sequence of learning opportunities focused on acquiring mastery of special key competencies within clerkships or other activities. Mastery learning processes and standards have the potential to clarify learning goals and competency measurement issues in medical education. Although mastery learning methods originally focused on developing learners' competency with skillful procedures, the author of this Commentary posits that mastery learning methods may be usefully applied more extensively to broader domains of skillful practice, especially those practices that can be linked to outcomes of care. The transition to mastery-focused criteria for educational advancement is laudatory, but challenges will be encountered in the journey to mastery education. The author examines several of these potential challenges, including expansion of mastery learning approaches to effective but relational clinician advice-giving and counseling behaviors, developing criteria for choosing critical competencies that can be linked to outcomes, avoiding a excessively fragmented approach to mastery measurement, and dealing with "educational comorbidity."Item Developmental Outcomes of Very Preterm Infants with Tracheostomies(Elsevier, 2014-06) DeMauro, Sara B.; D'Agostino, Jo Ann; Bann, Carla; Bernbaum, Judy; Gerdes, Marsha; Bell, Edward F.; Carlo, Waldemar A.; D'Angio, Carl; Das, Abhik; Higgins, Rosemary; Hintz, Susan R.; Laptook, Abbot R.; Natarajan, Girija; Nelin, Leif; Poindexter, Brenda B.; Sanchez, Pablo J.; Shankaran, Seetha; Stoll, Barbara J.; Truog, William; Van Meurs, Krisa P.; Vohr, Betty; Walsh, Michele C.; Kirpalani, Haresh; Department of Pediatrics, IU School of MedicineObjectives To evaluate the neurodevelopmental outcomes of very preterm (<30 weeks) infants who underwent tracheostomy. Study design Retrospective cohort study from 16 centers of the NICHD Neonatal Research Network over 10 years (2001-2011). Infants who survived to at least 36 weeks (N=8,683), including 304 infants with tracheostomies, were studied. Primary outcome was death or neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI, a composite of one or more of: developmental delay, neurologic impairment, profound hearing loss, severe visual impairment) at a corrected age of 18-22 months. Outcomes were compared using multiple logistic regression. We assessed impact of timing, by comparing outcomes of infants who underwent tracheostomy before and after 120 days of life. Results Tracheostomies were associated with all neonatal morbidities examined, and with most adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Death or NDI occurred in 83% of infants with tracheostomies and 40% of those without [odds ratio (OR) adjusted for center 7.0 (95%CI, 5.2-9.5)]. After adjustment for potential confounders, odds of death or NDI remained higher [OR 3.3 (95%CI, 2.4-4.6)], but odds of death alone were lower [OR 0.4 (95%CI, 0.3-0.7)], among infants with tracheostomies. Death or NDI was lower in infants who received their tracheostomies before, rather than after, 120 days of life [adjusted OR 0.5 (95%CI, 0.3-0.9)]. Conclusions Tracheostomy in preterm infants is associated with adverse developmental outcomes, and cannot mitigate the significant risk associated with many complications of prematurity. These data may inform counseling about tracheostomy in this vulnerable population.Item The Giving Environment: Understanding Pre-Pandemic Trends in Charitable Giving(2021-07-27) Osili, Una; Zarins, Sasha; Han, XiaoCharitable giving reached an all-time high in 2020 with Americans donating $471 billion. This includes an adjustment of over $4 billion for COVID-19 relief and racial justice giving on top of what would normally be expected for those types of causes in 2020. However, in order to better understand these trends, we need to better understand the landscape of philanthropy before the onset of the pandemic and the increased awareness of social and racial justice issues.Item Giving USA 2024: The Annual Report on Philanthropy for the Year 2023 (Infographic)(Giving USA Foundation, 2024-06) School of Philanthropy, Indiana University Lilly FamilyAmericans gave an estimated $557.16 billion to U.S. charities in 2023, according to Giving USA 2024: The Annual Report on Philanthropy for the Year 2023 just released by Giving USA Foundation and the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy.Item Glycogen and its metabolism: some new developments and old themes(Portland Press Ltd., 2012-02-01) Roach, Peter J.; Depaoli-Roach, Anna A.; Hurley, Thomas D.; Tagliabracci, Vincent S.; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, IU School of MedicineGlycogen is a branched polymer of glucose that acts as a store of energy in times of nutritional sufficiency for utilization in times of need. Its metabolism has been the subject of extensive investigation and much is known about its regulation by hormones such as insulin, glucagon and adrenaline (epinephrine). There has been debate over the relative importance of allosteric compared with covalent control of the key biosynthetic enzyme, glycogen synthase, as well as the relative importance of glucose entry into cells compared with glycogen synthase regulation in determining glycogen accumulation. Significant new developments in eukaryotic glycogen metabolism over the last decade or so include: (i) three-dimensional structures of the biosynthetic enzymes glycogenin and glycogen synthase, with associated implications for mechanism and control; (ii) analyses of several genetically engineered mice with altered glycogen metabolism that shed light on the mechanism of control; (iii) greater appreciation of the spatial aspects of glycogen metabolism, including more focus on the lysosomal degradation of glycogen; and (iv) glycogen phosphorylation and advances in the study of Lafora disease, which is emerging as a glycogen storage disease.