Browsing by Subject "transparency"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Assessing the Value of Transparency in Recommender Systems: An End-User Perspective
    (ACM, 2018-10) Vorm, Eric S.; Miller, Andrew D.; Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and Computing
    Recommender systems, especially those built on machine learning, are increasing in popularity, as well as complexity and scope. Systems that cannot explain their reasoning to end-users risk losing trust with users and failing to achieve acceptance. Users demand interfaces that afford them insights into internal workings, allowing them to build appropriate mental models and calibrated trust. Building interfaces that provide this level of transparency, however, is a significant design challenge, with many design features that compete, and little empirical research to guide implementation. We investigated how end-users of recommender systems value different categories of information to help in determining what to do with computer-generated recommendations in contexts involving high risk to themselves or others. Findings will inform future design of decision support in high-criticality contexts.
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    Enhancing and Implementing Fully Transparent Internet Voting
    (IEEE, 2015-08) Butterfield, Kevin; Li, Huian; Zou, Xukai; Li, Feng; Department of Computer & Information Science, School of Science
    Voting over the internet has been the focus of significant research with the potential to solve many problems. Current implementations typically suffer from a lack of transparency, where the connection between vote casting and result tallying is seen as a black box by voters. A new protocol was recently proposed that allows full transparency, never obfuscating any step of the process, and splits authority between mutually-constraining conflicting parties. Achieving such transparency brings with it challenging issues. In this paper we propose an efficient algorithm for generating unique, anonymous identifiers (voting locations) that is based on the Chinese Remainder Theorem, we extend the functionality of an election to allow for races with multiple winners, and we introduce a prototype of this voting system implemented as a multiplatform web application.
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    Obligation for transparency regarding treating physician credentials at academic health centres
    (BMJ, 2018) Martin, Paul J.; Skill, N. James; Koniaris, Leoniadas G.; Surgery, School of Medicine
    Academic health centres have historically treated patients with the most complex of diseases, served as training grounds to teach the next generations of physicians and fostered an innovative environment for research and discovery. The physicians who hold faculty positions at these institutions have long understood how these key academic goals are critical to serve their patient community effectively. Recent healthcare reforms, however, have led many academic health centres to recruit physicians without these same academic expectations and to partner with non-faculty physicians at other health systems. There has been limited transparency in regard to the expertise among the physicians and the academic faculty within these larger entities. Such lack of transparency may lead to confusion among patients regarding the qualifications of who is actually treating them. This could threaten the ethical principles of patient autonomy, benevolence and non-maleficence as patients risk making uninformed decisions that might lead to poorer outcomes. Furthermore, this lack of transparency unjustly devalues the achievements of physician faculty members as well as potentially the university they represent. In this paper, it is suggested that academic health centres have an obligation to foster total transparency regarding what if any role a physician has at a university or medical school when university or other academic monikers are used at a hospital.
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    Transparent, Auditable, and Stepwise Verifiable Online E-Voting Enabling an Open and Fair Election
    (MDPI, 2017-08-17) Zou, Xukai; Li, Huian; Li, Feng; Peng, Wei; Sui, Yan; Computer and Information Science, School of Science
    Many e-voting techniques have been proposed but not widely used in reality. One of the problems associated with most existing e-voting techniques is the lack of transparency, leading to a failure to deliver voter assurance. In this work, we p verifiable, viewable, and mutual restraining e-voting protocol that exploits the existing multi-party political dynamics such as in the US. The new e-voting protocol consists of three original technical contributions—universal verifiable voting vector, forward and backward mutual lock voting, and in-process check and enforcement—that, along with a public real time bulletin board, resolves the apparent conflicts in voting such as anonymity vs. accountability and privacy vs. verifiability. Especially, the trust is split equally among tallying authorities who have conflicting interests and will technically restrain each other. The voting and tallying processes are transparent/viewable to anyone, which allow any voter to visually verify that his vote is indeed counted and also allow any third party to audit the tally, thus, enabling open and fair election. Depending on the voting environment, our interactive protocol is suitable for small groups where interaction is encouraged, while the non-interactive protocol allows large groups to vote without interaction.
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    Who gives, who gets, and how do we know? The promises and limitations of administrative data for cross-border philanthropy tracking
    (2021) Levine Daniel, Jamie; Feit, Galia; Hazan, Osnat
    Cross-border philanthropy occurs across multiple dimensions simultaneously. Seemingly domestic actors become players in international spheres, shattering the idea of a domestic/international dichotomy with clear lines delineating these spaces. This line blurring obscures monetary flows and highlights questions regarding nonprofit accountability in a transnational context. We present a study tracking money from US INGOs to Israeli NGOs, demonstrating the advantages and challenges to a big data approach and highlighting the importance of local partners.