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Item Analysis of Early Job Market Experiences and Perceptions Among Bariatric Surgery Fellowship Graduates and Bariatric Surgery Program Directors(Springer, 2021) Lu, Yang; Juo, Yen-Yi; Martin, Matthew J.; Dan, Adrian G.; Benerjee, Ambar; Jones, Daniel B.; Dakin, Gregory F.; Jain-Spangler, Kunoor; Chen, Yijun; Surgery, School of MedicinePurpose Over the past decade, an increasing number of bariatric surgeons are trained in fellowships annually despite only a modest increase in nationwide bariatric surgery volume. The study surveys the bariatric surgery job market trend in order to inform better career-choice decisions for trainees interested in this field. Materials and Methods A national retrospective cohort survey over an 11-year period was conducted. Bariatric surgery fellowship graduates from 2008 to 2019 and program directors (PDs) were surveyed electronically. Univariate analysis was performed comparing responses between earlier (2008–2016) and recent graduates (2017–2019). Results We identified a total of 996 graduates and 143 PDs. Response rates were 9% and 20% respectively (n = 88, 29). Sixty-eight percent of graduates felt there are not enough bariatric jobs for new graduates. Seventy-nine percent of PDs felt that it is more difficult to find a bariatric job for their fellows now than 5–10 years ago. Forty-eight percent of PDs felt that we are training too many bariatric fellows. Seventy-seven percent of all graduates want the majority of their practice to be comprised bariatric cases; however, only 42% of them reported achieving this. In the univariate analysis, recent graduates were less likely to be currently employed as a bariatric surgeon (64% vs. 86%, p = 0.02) and were less satisfied with their current case volume (42% vs. 66%, p = 0.01). Conclusions The temporal increase in bariatric fellowship graduates over the past decade has resulted in a significant decline in the likelihood of employment in a full-time bariatric surgical practice and a decline in surgeons’ bariatric case volumes.Item Attribute-aware Semantic Segmentation of Road Scenes for Understanding Pedestrian Orientations(IEEE, 2018-11) Sulistiyo, M. D.; Kawanishi, Y.; Deguchi, D.; Hirayama, T.; Ide, I.; Zheng, J. Y.; Murase, H.; Computer and Information Science, School of ScienceSemantic segmentation is an interesting task for many deep learning researchers for scene understanding. However, recognizing details about objects' attributes can be more informative and also helpful for a better scene understanding in intelligent vehicle use cases. This paper introduces a method for simultaneous semantic segmentation and pedestrian attributes recognition. A modified dataset built on top of the Cityscapes dataset is created by adding attribute classes corresponding to pedestrian orientation attributes. The proposed method extends the SegNet model and is trained by using both the original and the attribute-enriched datasets. Based on an experiment, the proposed attribute-aware semantic segmentation approach shows the ability to slightly improve the performance on the Cityscapes dataset, which is capable of expanding its classes in this case through additional data training.Item Current Status of Endovascular Training for Cardiothoracic Surgery Residents in the United States(Elsevier, 2017-11) Vardas, Panos N.; Stefanescu Schmidt, Ada C.; Lou, Xiaoying; Goldstone, Andrew B.; Pattakos, Gregory; Fiedler, Amy G.; Stephens, Elizabeth H.; Tchantchaleishvili, Vakhtang; Medicine, School of MedicineBackground Endovascular interventions for cardiovascular pathology are becoming increasingly relevant to cardiothoracic surgery. This study assessed the perceived prevalence and efficacy of endovascular skills training and identified differences among training paradigms. Methods Trainee responses to questions in the 2016 In-Service Training Examination survey regarding endovascular training were analyzed based on the four different cardiothoracic surgery training pathways: traditional 2- and 3-year thoracic, integrated 6-year, and combined 4+3 general and thoracic residency programs. Results The duration of endovascular training was substantially different among programs, at a median of 17 weeks for integrated 6-year, 8.5 weeks for 3-year, 6 weeks for 4+3, and 4 weeks for 2-year residency (p < 0.0001). After adjusting for year of training and program type, the duration of endovascular rotations was significantly associated with self-assessed comfort with catheter-based skills (p < 0.0001). Eighty-two percent of residents rotated with trainees from other specialties, and 58% experienced competition for cases. Residents reported greater exposure to transcatheter aortic valve replacement than to thoracic endovascular aortic repair, cardiac catheterization, percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect, and transcatheter mitral valve surgery (p < 0.0001). A significant proportion of responders reported feeling uncomfortable performing key steps of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (52%) or thoracic endovascular aortic repair (49%). Conclusions Considerable heterogeneity exists in endovascular training among cardiothoracic surgery training pathways, with a significant number of residents having minimal to no exposure to these emerging techniques. These findings highlight the need for a standardized curriculum to improve endovascular exposure and training.Item Education and Training Needs in the Radiation Sciences: Problems and Potential Solutions(BioOne, 2015-11) Dynlacht, Joseph R.; Zeman, Elaine M.; Held, Kathryn D.; Deye, James; Vikram, Bhadrasain; Joiner, Michael C.; Department of Radiation Oncology, IU School of MedicineThis article provides a summary of presentations focused on critical education and training issues in radiation oncology, radiobiology and medical physics from a workshop conducted as part of the 60th Annual Meeting of the Radiation Research Society held in Las Vegas, NV (September 21–24, 2014). Also included in this synopsis are pertinent comments and concerns raised by audience members, as well as recommendations for addressing ongoing and future challenges.Item Effect of Prior Formal Education on Successful Thoracic Epidural Placement By Anesthesia Residents(Elsevier, 2020-11) Yeap, Yar Luan; Randolph, Tim; Lemmon, Adam J.; Mann, Miles D.; Stewart, Jennifer; Wolfe, John W.; Anesthesia, School of MedicineObjective: Catheter placement for thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is technically challenging; however, methods for teaching this technique to anesthesia residents have not been well-studied. The present study aimed to determine optimal teaching methods for proficient TEA catheter placement by comparing video-based formal resident education with traditional bedside training by attending physicians. Design: Prospective, randomized study. Setting: Large academic hospital, single institution. Participants: The study comprised 76 postgraduate year 3 and 4 anesthesiology residents (38 intervention, 38 control). Interventions: Formal education included an instructional video on proper TEA technique. Measurements and Main Results: Measures of proficiency in TEA catheter placement included the time needed to complete the procedure successfully and the success of placement as indicated by patient confirmation. Residents who received formal video instruction had similar success in catheter placement and similar procedure times compared with the traditionally trained residents. The overall success rate was 99.2%, with faculty intervention required in only 17% of cases. More experienced residents (ie, having placed more epidural catheters) were faster at TEA catheter placement. Conclusions: Formal video education for TEA catheter placement provided no additional improvement of resident proficiency compared with traditional training at a high-volume academic center. The success rate was very high in this group of residents; however, experiences at other institutions may vary. Future studies are needed to determine optimum teaching strategies for TEA.Item How to Give Feedback During Endoscopy Training(Elsevier, 2017-09) Dilly, Christen Klochan; Sewell, Justin L.; Medicine, School of MedicineItem Implementation of a Professional Society Core Curriculum and Integrated Maintenance of Certification Program(ATS, 2017) Carlos, W. Graham; Poston, Jason T.; Michaud, Gaetane C.; Dela Cruz, Charles S.; Luks, Andrew M.; Boyer, Debra; Moore, Paul E.; McSparron, Jakob I.; Hayes, Margaret M.; Balachandran, Jay S.; Wang, Tisha S.; Larsson, Eileen; Siegel-Gasiewski, Jennifer; Kantz, Alan; Beck, James M.; Thomson, Carey C.; Department of Medicine, IU School of MedicineMedical professional societies exist to foster collaboration, guide career development, and provide continuing medical education opportunities. Maintenance of certification is a process by which physicians complete formal educational activities approved by certifying organizations. The American Thoracic Society (ATS) established an innovative maintenance of certification program in 2012 as a means to formalize and expand continuing medical education offerings. This program is unique as it includes explicit opportunities for collaboration and career development in addition to providing continuing medical education and maintenance of certification credit to society members. In describing the development of this program referred to as the “Core Curriculum,” the authors highlight the ATS process for content design, stages of curriculum development, and outcomes data with an eye toward assisting other societies that seek to program similar content. The curriculum development process described is generalizable and positively influences individual practitioners and professional societies in general, and as a result, provides a useful model for other professional societies to follow.Item A novel streamlined trauma response team training improves imaging efficiency for pediatric blunt abdominal trauma patients(Elsevier, 2019) Nti, Benjamin K.; Laniewicz, Megan; Skaggs, Tracy; Cross, Keith; Fallat, Mary E.; Rominger, Annie; Emergency Medicine, School of MedicineBackground/purpose The morbidity and mortality of children with traumatic injuries are directly related to the time to definitive management of their injuries. Imaging studies are used in the trauma evaluation to determine the injury type and severity. The goal of this project is to determine if a formal streamlined trauma response improves efficiency in pediatric blunt trauma by evaluating time to acquisition of imaging studies and definitive management. Methods This study is a chart review of patients < 18 years who presented to a pediatric trauma center following blunt trauma requiring trauma team activation. 413 records were reviewed to determine if training changed the efficiency of CT acquisition and 652 were evaluated for FAST efficiency. The metrics used for comparison were time from ED arrival to CT image, FAST, and disposition. Results Time from arrival to CT acquisition decreased from 37 (SD 23) to 28 (SD27) min (p < 0.05) after implementation. The proportion of FAST scans increased from 315 (63.5%) to 337 (80.8%) and the time to FAST decreased from 18 (SD15) to 8 (SD10) min (p < 0.05). The time to operating room (OR) decreased after implementation. Conclusion The implementation of a streamlined trauma team approach is associated with both decreased time to CT, FAST, OR, and an increased proportion of FAST scans in the pediatric trauma evaluation. This could result in the rapid identification of injuries, faster disposition from the ED, and potentially improve outcomes in bluntly injured children.Item Organizational Change: A Work In Progress(inula notes (Indiana University Librarians Association), 1997-04) Minick, Mary Beth; Stanley, Mary J.A brief report of one academic library's move from a hierarchical organization to a team-based environment and the progress during the first year.Item Public Health Workforce Self-Identified Training Needs by Jurisdiction and Job Type(Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2018-06-21) Yeager, Valerie A.; Wisniewski, Janna M.; Chapple-McGruder, Theresa; Castrucci, Brian; Gould, Elizabeth; Health Policy and Management, School of Public HealthContext: Ensuring adequate and appropriate training of the workforce is a crucial priority for governmental public health. This is particularly important, given the diverse backgrounds of the public health workforce; the vast majority (approximately 83%) do not have formal training in public health, and those that do have formal training in public health have limited training in management and other essential organizational skills. Objective: The purpose of this article is to identify training needs among public health workers in specific job types and settings. Design and Participants: This cross section study used 2014 data from the Public Health Workforce Interests and Needs Survey. Qualitative analyses were used to code open-ended responses to questions about training needs. Needs are stratified across job types and jurisdiction. Results: Eight main themes or skill areas were identified with the largest proportion indicating a need for management/leadership skills (28.2%). The second most frequent need was communication skills (21.3%). Across the 9 job types examined, general management skills were either the first or second training need for 7 job types. Among individuals who already have leadership/management positions, budgeting was the most common training need. Conclusions: Findings from this study can inform targeted strategies to address training needs for specific types of employees. Such strategies can influence the efficiency and effectiveness of public health efforts and employee satisfaction. As new public health frameworks–like Public Health 3.0 and the Chief Health Strategist–are advanced nationally, it is necessary to ensure that the workforce has the skills and abilities to implement these frameworks. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.