IU Indianapolis ScholarWorks :: Browsing by Subject "substance abuse"

Browsing by Subject "substance abuse"

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Access to Recovery and Recidivism Among Former Prison Inmates
(Sage, 2015) Ray, Bradley; Grommon, Eric; Buchanan, Victoria; Brown, Brittany; Watson, Dennis P.; Department of Health Policy and Management, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
Access to Recovery (ATR) is a SAMHSA-funded initiative that offers a mix of clinical and supportive services for substance abuse. ATR clients choose which services will help to overcome barriers in their road to recovery, and a recovery consultant provides vouchers and helps link the client to these community resources. One of ATR’s goals was to provide services to those involved in the criminal justice system in the hopes that addressing substance abuse issues could reduce subsequent criminal behaviors. This study examines this goal by looking at recidivism among a sample of clients in one state’s ATR program who returned to the community after incarceration. Results suggest there were few differential effects of service selections on subsequent recidivism. However, there are significant differences in recidivism rates among the agencies that provided ATR services. Agencies with more resources and a focus on prisoner reentry had better recidivism outcomes than those that focus only on substance abuse services.
Concomitant Psychiatric and Nonalcohol-Related Substance Use Disorders Among Hospitalized Patients with Alcoholic Liver Disease in the United States
(Wiley, 2018-02) Jinjuvadia, Raxitkumar; Jinjuvadia, Chetna; Puangsricharoen, Pimpitcha; Chalasani, Naga P.; Crabb, David W.; Liangpunsakul, Suthat; Medicine, School of Medicine
Background Despite that the epidemiological studies on the comorbidity of alcohol misuse and psychiatric disorders have been studied, less is known about the magnitude of these disorders among patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Our aim was to determine the prevalence of psychiatric and substance use disorders among hospitalized ALD patients in the United States. Methods We utilized a single-level clinical classification software to identify patients with ALD and psychiatric/substance use disorders from the 2011 National Inpatient Sample data. The primary outcome was the prevalence of these disorders among hospitalized patients with ALD (n = 74,972) compared to those with chronic liver diseases not caused by alcohol (n = 350,140) and those without underlying liver diseases (n = 1,447,063). Results The prevalence of adjustment disorder, anxiety disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and depression was significantly higher among hospitalized patients with ALD when compared to those with chronic liver diseases not caused by alcohol (all with p-values <0.05). Younger age, female gender, and White race were the independent predictors of psychiatric/substance use disorders among hospitalized patients with ALD. Conclusions Hospitalized patients with ALD have significantly high prevalence of concomitant psychiatric and substance abuse disorders when compared to those with chronic liver diseases not caused by alcohol and those without underlying liver diseases. Screening and appropriate intervention should be implemented as part of routine clinical care for these patients.
Data Report: 2012 Indiana Substance Abuse Workforce
(2015-05) Sheff, Zachary T.; Nowak, Callie; Maxey, Hannah L.
The substance abuse workforce is a subset of the larger mental health workforce and includes only those professionals who are involved in the treatment of substance abuse issues. This report identifies major trends and includes key data on the substance abuse workforce that may be used to promote meaningful policy discussion and inform evidence-based policy development. Understanding the status of Indiana’s substance abuse workforce is critical to ensuring that Indiana residents have access to high quality care, to developing programs that will train practitioners to meet future needs, and to recruiting and retaining healthcare professionals in Indiana.
Development and assessment of the usability of a web-based referral to treatment tool for persons with substance use disorders
(Springer Nature, 2021-09-08) Thoele, Kelli; Yu, Mengmeng; Dhillon, Mandeep; Comer, Robert; Maxey, Hannah L.; Newhouse, Robin; Oruche, Ukamaka M.; School of Nursing
Background: Hospitalized people with unhealthy substance use should be referred to treatment. Although inpatient referral resources are often available, clinicians report that outpatient referral networks are not well-established. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe the development and usability testing of a web-based Referral to Treatment Tool (RTT © 2020 Trustees of Indiana University, all rights reserved) designed to identify treatment centers for people with unhealthy substance use. Results: The RTT was conceptualized, developed, and then populated with public use and local survey data of treatment centers from 14 market ZIP codes of hospitals participating in an SBIRT implementation study. The tool underwent initial heuristic testing, followed by usability testing at three hospitals within a large healthcare system in the Midwest region of the United States. Administrative (n = 6) and provider (n = 12) users of the RTT completed a list of tasks and provided feedback through Think-Aloud Tests, the System Usability Scale, and in-person interviews. Patients (n = 4) assessed multiple versions of a take-home printout of referral sites that met their specifications and completed in-person interviews to provide feedback. Each administrative task was completed in less than 3 min, and providers took an average of 4 min and 3 s to identify appropriate referral sites for a patient and print a referral list for the patient. The mean System Usability Scale score (M = 77.22, SD = 15.57, p = 0.03) was significantly higher than the passable score of 70, indicating favorable perceptions of the usability of the RTT. Administrative and provider users felt that the RTT was useful and easy to use, but the settings and search features could be refined. Patients indicated that the printouts contained useful information and that it was helpful to include multiple referral sites on the printout. Conclusion: The web-based referral tool has the potential to facilitate voluntary outpatient referral to treatment for patients with unhealthy substance use. The RTT can be customized for a variety of health care settings and patient needs. Additional revisions based on usability testing results are needed to prepare for a broader multi-site clinical evaluation
Drivers of Substance Misuse and Addiction in Indiana
(Fairbanks School of Public Health, 2023-02) Greene, Marion; Kooreman, Harold; Kampman, Haleigh
Substance use continues to be a significant concern in Indiana. Misuse of alcohol and/or illicit drugs can lead to numerous negative consequences, often affecting a person’s physical and mental health, relationships with family and friends, and their ability to hold a job. As drug use progresses into dependence and addiction, there is an increased risk that individuals become involved with the justice system. Arrests and incarcerations can occur for using illicit drugs, driving under the influence of a substance, or for engaging in drug-related criminal activities such as dealing. Furthermore, persons addicted to drugs, especially opioids and sedative-hypnotics, are at risk for accidental or intentional overdose, which can be fatal. These consequences not only affect the individual, but also have a considerable impact on their families and the community.
The Evolving Understanding of Recovery: What the Sociology of Mental Health has to Offer
(2012-11) Watson, Dennis P.
The meaning of recovery from serious mental illness (SMI) has evolved over time. Whereas it was not even considered to be a primary goal of treatment 30 years ago, it is the main focus of mental health policy today. These changes are partially the result of sociological research conducted during the age of institutional treatment and the early stages of community-based care. Despite these early influences, the sociology of mental health has largely overlooked the explicit study of recovery. This is because sociologists began shifting their focus from the study of SMI to the study of less severe mental health problems beginning in 1970s. In this article, I (a) discuss the evolving history of mental health recovery; (b) discuss how recovery is defined today in policy, practice, and research; and (c) present an argument for why sociological perspectives and methods can help shed light on the tensions between the definitions while assisting to develop better understandings of the recovery process. In this argument, I place particular attention on qualitative social psychological perspectives and methods because they hold the most potential for addressing some of the central concerns in the area of recovery research.
Executive summary: Indiana Schools of Nursing substance abuse education
(2022) Oruche, Ukamaka M.; Adams, Nicole; Xu, Jiayun; Crowder, Sharron; Cangany, Martha; Bracale, Jolene; Ofner, Susan; Fulton, Janet S.
The housing first model (HFM) fidelity index: designing and testing a tool for measuring integrity of housing programs that serve active substance users
(2013-05) Watson, Dennis P.; Orwat, John; Wagner, Dana E.; Shuman, Valery; Tolliver, Randi
Background The Housing First Model (HFM) is an approach to serving formerly homeless individuals with dually diagnosed mental health and substance use disorders regardless of their choice to use substances or engage in other risky behaviors. The model has been widely diffused across the United States since 2000 as a result of positive findings related to consumer outcomes. However, a lack of clear fidelity guidelines has resulted in inconsistent implementation. The research team and their community partner collaborated to develop a HFM Fidelity Index. We describe the instrument development process and present results from its initial testing. Methods The HFM Fidelity Index was developed in two stages: (1) a qualitative case study of four HFM organizations and (2) interviews with 14 HFM "users". Reliability and validity of the index were then tested through phone interviews with staff members of permanent housing programs. The final sample consisted of 51 programs (39 Housing First and 12 abstinence-based) across 35 states. Results The results provided evidence for the overall reliability and validity of the index. Conclusions The results demonstrate the index’s ability to discriminate between housing programs that employ different service approaches. Regarding practice, the index offers a guide for organizations seeking to implement the HFM.
Individualized approach to primary prevention of substance use disorder: age-related risks
(Springer, 2020-08-14) Afuseh, Eric; Pike, Caitlin; Oruche, Ukamaka M.; University Library
Background The misuse of legal and illegal substances has led to an increase in substance use disorder (SUD) in the United States. Although primary prevention strategies have been successfully used to target chronic physical diseases, these strategies have been less effective with SUD, given misconceptions of SUD, shortages in behavioral health professionals, and the population-based focus on specific substances. A developmental approach to the identification and primary prevention of SUD that does not fully rely upon behavioral health workers is needed. The purpose of this paper was to examine age related risk factors for developing SUD and present a novel individualized approach to SUD prevention. Methods A literature search was conducted to identify risk factors for SUD among children, young adults, adults, and older adults. We searched CINAHL, PsycINFO, and PubMed between the years 1989–2019, and extracted data, analyzing similarities and differences in risk factors across life stages. Broader categories emerged that were used to group the risk factors. Results More than 370 articles were found. Across all age groups, risk factors included adverse childhood experiences, trauma, chronic health diseases, environmental factors, family history, social determinants, and grief and loss. Despite the similarities, the contextual factors and life challenges associated with these risks varied according to the various life stages. We proposed an approach to primary prevention of SUD based on risk factors for developing the disease according to different age groups. This approach emphasizes screening, education, and empowerment (SEE), wherein individuals are screened for risk factors according to their age group, and screening results are used to customize interventions in the form of education and empowerment. Given that trained persons, including non-healthcare providers, close to the at-risk individual could conduct the screening and then educate and mentor the individual according to the risk level, the number of people who develop SUD could decrease. Conclusions The risk factors for developing SUD vary across the various life stages, which suggests that individualized approaches that do not overtax behavioral healthcare workers are needed. Using SEE may foster early identification and individualized prevention of SUD.
Indoor tanning, mental health, and substance use among college students: The significance of gender
(SAGE, 2010-09-01) Mosher, Catherine E.; Danoff-Burg, Sharon
This study examined relations among indoor tanning frequency, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and substance use. A total of 421 college students (68% female) completed self-report measures on one occasion. Among men, indoor tanning was positively associated with symptoms of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder, whereas indoor tanning was unrelated to these symptoms among women. Among women, indoor tanning was positively associated with the use of alcohol, tobacco, and other substances. Further research is needed to explore contextual and coping processes that may underlie these gender differences.

Browsing by Subject "substance abuse"

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