Browsing by Subject "substance use disorders"
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Item Contrasting Metacognitive, Social Cognitive and Alexithymia Profiles in Adults with Borderline Personality Disorder, Schizophrenia and Substance Use Disorder(Elsevier, 2017-11) Lysaker, Paul H.; George, Sunita; Chaudoin-Patzoldt, Kelly A.; Pec, Ondrej; Bob, Petr; Leonhardt, Bethany L.; Vohs, Jenifer L.; James, Alison V.; Wickett, Amanda; Buck, Kelly D.; Dimaggio, Giancarlo; Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineDeficits in the ability to recognize and think about mental states are broadly understood to be a root cause of dysfunction in Borderline Personality Disorder (PD). This study compared the magnitude of those deficits relative to other forms of serious mental illness or psychiatric conditions. Assessments were performed using the metacognition assessment scale-abbreviated (MAS-A), emotion recognition using the Bell Lysaker Emotion Recognition Test and alexithymia using the Toronto Alexithymia Scale among adults with schizophrenia (n = 65), Borderline PD (n = 34) and Substance Use disorder without psychosis or significant Borderline traits (n = 32). ANCOVA controlling for age revealed the Borderline PD group had significantly greater levels of metacognitive capacity on the MAS-A than the schizophrenia group and significantly lower levels of metacognitive capacity than the Substance Use group. Multiple comparisons revealed the Borderline PD group had significantly higher self-reflectivity and awareness of the other's mind than the schizophrenia group but lesser mastery and decentration on the MAS-A than substance use group, after controlling for self-report of psychopathology and overall number of PD traits. The Borderline PD and Schizophrenia group had significantly higher levels of alexithymia than the substance use group. No differences were found for emotion recognition. Results suggest metacognitive functioning is differentially affected in different mental disorders.Item DIFFERENCES IN IMPULSIVITY BETWEEN HIGH-ALCOHOL PREFERRING AND LOW-ALCOHOL PREFERRING MICE IN A DRL TASK(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2011-04-08) Villalta, Nicholas A.; Novotney, Devon M.; Grahame, Nicholas J.High impulsivity, the propensity to prefer small immediate rewards to larger delayed rewards, is more observable in alcoholics as well as drug addicts than in non-addicts. However, it remains unclear whether impulsivity precedes and potentially causes substance use disorders. Of particular interest to us is whether the high drinkers differ from low drinkers in their ability to perceive time. In this study we examine differences in impulsivity, as measured by a differential reinforcement of low rates of responding (DRL) task, in mice selectively bred for differences in alcohol consumption, High Alcohol Preferring (HAP-II) and Low Alcohol Preferring (LAP-II) mice. In this task, subjects must inhibit instrumental behavior until an unsignaled DRL interval has elapsed. We hypothesize that due to their previously demonstrated impulsivity, the HAPII mice will perform poorly and receive fewer rewards than LAPII mice. We expect that our results will indicate that due to premature responding, HAPII mice will receive fewer rewards than LAPII mice during the DRL task, but obtain more rewards during a basic fixed interval task, when early responding is not punished. Therefore, alcohol naive HAPII mice will be more impulsive than LAPII mice, as measured by the DRL task. This finding suggests impulsivity is a heritable endophenotype that precedes exposure to alcoholism or drugs.Item Editorial: Heavy Adolescent Alcohol Use: An Accelerant of Impulsivity?(Elsevier, 2021-05) Crum, Kathleen I.; Hulvershorn, Leslie; Pediatrics, School of MedicineItem Effects of adolescent substance use disorders on central cholinergic function(Elsevier, 2021) Hauser, S.R.; Rodd, Z.A.; Deehan, G.A.; Liang, T.; Rahman, Shafiqur; Bell, Richard L.; Psychiatry, School of MedicineAdolescence is a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, in which the individual undergoes significant cognitive, behavioral, physical, emotional, and social developmental changes. During this period, adolescents engage in experimentation and risky behaviors such as licit and illicit drug use. Adolescents' high vulnerability to abuse drugs and natural reinforcers leads to greater risk for developing substance use disorders (SUDs) during adulthood. Accumulating evidence indicates that the use and abuse of licit and illicit drugs during adolescence and emerging adulthood can disrupt the cholinergic system and its processes. This review will focus on the effects of peri-adolescent nicotine and/or alcohol use, or exposure, on the cholinergic system during adulthood from preclinical and clinical studies. This review further explores potential cholinergic agents and pharmacological manipulations to counteract peri-adolescent nicotine and/or alcohol abuse.Item A Grounded Theory of Veterans’ Experiences of Addiction-as-Occupation(Taylor & Francis, 2016) Wasmuth, Sally; Brandon-Friedman, Richard A.; Olesek, Kyle; School of Social WorkThis study examined how addiction emerges as an occupation in the lives of veterans. Its purpose was to facilitate better knowledge of how addiction is experienced as an occupation by this population, with the goal of destigmatizing addiction and paving the way for innovative ways to help people with addictions to build new occupational lives. Fifty-eight veterans diagnosed with a substance use disorder were recruited from a VA residential treatment center, of which 35 transcripts of the Indiana Psychiatric Illness Interview—a broad interview inquiring about participants’ life experiences—were randomly selected for grounded theory analysis following a 4-step coding procedure as outlined by Charmaz. Data revealed a five step occupational process: Being Initiated; Increasing Engagement; Establishing an Identity; Experiencing Discord and Defeat; and Finding Other Occupations. Addiction is discussed as a behavioral pattern, and the authors discuss how the use of new occupations may provide individuals with new patterns of organization, social interconnection, and identity development needed to sustain a move away from occupations of addiction.Item Opportunities for Enhancing Access and Efficacy of Peer Sponsorship in Substance Use Disorder Recovery(ACM, 2020-04) Heyer, Jeremy; Schmitt, Zachary; Dombrowski, Lynn; Yarosh, Svetlana; Human-Centered Computing, School of Informatics and ComputingSubstance use disorders (SUDs) are characterized by an inability to decrease a substance use (e.g., alcohol or opioids) despite negative repercussions. SUDs are clinically diagnosable, hazardous, and considered a public health issue. Sponsorship, a specialized type of peer mentorship, is vital in the recovery process and originates from 12-step fellowship programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA). To investigate sponsorship relationship practices and to identify design opportunities for digitally-mediated peer support, we conducted 27 in-depth interviews with members of AA and NA. We identified five key sponsorship relationship practices relevant for designing social computing tools to support sponsorship and recovery: 1) assessing dyadic compatibility, 2) managing sponsorship with or without technology, 3) establishing boundaries, 4) building a peer support network, and 5) managing anonymity. We identify social computing and digitally-mediated design opportunities and implications.Item Outpatient Opioid Prescriptions are Associated with Future Substance use Disorders and Overdose Following Adolescent Trauma(Wolters Kluwer, 2021-01) Bell, Teresa M.; Raymond, Jodi L.; Mongalo, Alejandro C.; Adams, Zachary W.; Rouse, Thomas M.; Hatcher, LeRanna; Russell, Katie; Carroll, Aaron E.; Psychiatry, School of MedicineObjective: This study aims to determine if outpatient opioid prescriptions are associated with future substance use disorder (SUD) diagnoses and overdose in injured adolescents five years following hospital discharge. Summary Background Data: Approximately, 1 in 8 adolescents are diagnosed with an SUD and 1 in 10 experience an overdose in the five years following injury. State laws have become more restrictive on opioid prescribing by acute care providers for treating pain, however, prescriptions from other outpatient providers are still often obtained. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients ages 12–18 admitted to two level I trauma centers. Demographic and clinical data contained in trauma registries were linked to a regional database containing five years of electronic health records and prescription data. Regression models assessed whether number of outpatient opioid prescription fills after discharge at different time points in recovery were associated with a new SUD diagnosis or overdose, while controlling for demographic and injury characteristics, as well as depression and PTSD diagnoses. Results: We linked 669 patients (90.9%) from trauma registries to a regional health information exchange database. Each prescription opioid refill in the first 3 months after discharge increased the likelihood of new SUD diagnoses by 55% (OR:1.55, CI:1.04–2.32). Odds of overdose increased with ongoing opioid use over 2–4 years post-discharge (p = 0.016–0.025). Conclusions: Short-term outpatient opioid prescribing over the first few months of recovery had the largest effect on developing an SUD, while long-term prescription use over multiple years was associated with a future overdose.Item Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) training for nurses in acute care settings: Lessons Learned(Elsevier, 2019-08) Schwindt, Rhonda; Agley, Jon; Newhouse, Robin; Ferren, Melora; School of NursingItem Substance Use Disorders in Adolescent and Young Adult Relatives of Probands with Bipolar Disorder: What Drives the Increased Risk?(Elsevier, 2017-10) Hulvershorn, Leslie A.; King, Jennifer; Monahan, Patrick O.; Wilcox, Holly C.; Mitchell, Philip B.; Fullerton, Janice M.; Edenberg, Howard J.; Roberts, Gloria M. P.; Kamali, Masoud; Glowinski, Anne L.; Ghaziuddin, Neera; McInnis, Melvin; Iyer-Eimerbrink, Priya A.; Numberger, John I, Jr.; Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineBackground Adults with bipolar disorder (BD) have higher rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) compared to the general population. SUD rates in young offspring/relatives of BD probands, as well as factors which drive those rates, are not as well-characterized. Methods We aimed to examine SUD prevalence among adolescent/young adult offspring and relatives of probands with and without BD. Data were collected from five sites in the US and Australia during 2006–2011. Youth offspring/relatives (“Relatives of BD probands;” n = 267; mean age = 16.8 years; ± 2.9 S.D.), identified through a proband family member with DSM-IV BD (Type I or II), were compared to offspring/relatives of control probands (“relatives of control probands;” n = 149; mean age = 17.4 years; ± 2.9 S.D.). Logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to compare the groups across a range of substance use and SUD variables. Odds ratios were calculated for lifetime prevalence of substance outcomes. Results Bivariate analyses showed DSM-IV SUDs were more prevalent among relatives of BD probands than among relatives of control probands (29% vs. 18%; p = 0.01). Generalized estimating equation models showed BD mood and childhood-onset externalizing disorders in adolescent and young adult relatives to each significantly increase the odds (OR = 2.80–3.17; p < 0.02) for the development of several substance variables among all relatives, whereas the risk of SUDs in relatives was not increased when the relatives had no mood or externalizing disorders themselves. Conclusion Relatives of BD probands with lifetime mood and externalizing disorders report more substance use/SUDs than relatives of control probands. In contrast, SUD outcomes in relatives of BD probands without mood or externalizing disorders were no different from control relatives without psychopathology. Early recognition and treatment of psychiatric disorders may lead to less substance use in this highly vulnerable population.Item The Impact of Indiana's Community Mental Health Centers(Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, 2022-01)Indiana’s Community Mental Health Centers (CMHCs) provide comprehensive mental health care to persons of all ages who suffer from mental illness or substance use disorders. The 24 CMHCs focus on serving economically disadvantaged Hoosiers and those who typically encounter difficulties accessing care. The services CMHCs provide to their communities include inpatient and outpatient treatment, crisis services, child and adolescent services, services for the elderly, substance use services, residential services, peer-led services, and more.