Browsing by Subject "sexually transmitted infection"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
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    Condom use and incident sexually transmitted infection after initiation of long-acting reversible contraception
    (Elsevier, 2017-12) McNicholas, Colleen P.; Klugman, Jessica B.; Zhao, Qiuhong; Peipert, Jeffrey F.; Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine
    Background Use of more effective contraception may lead to less condom use and increased incidence of sexually transmitted infection. Objective The objective of this study was to compare changes in condom use and incidence of sexually transmitted infection acquisition among new initiators of long-acting reversible contraceptives to those initiating non-long-acting reversible contraceptive methods. Study Design This is a secondary analysis of the Contraceptive CHOICE Project. We included 2 sample populations of 12-month continuous contraceptive users. The first included users with complete condom data (baseline, and 3, 6, and 12 months) (long-acting reversible contraceptive users: N = 2371; other methods: N = 575). The second included users with 12-month sexually transmitted infection data (long-acting reversible contraceptive users: N = 2102; other methods: N = 592). Self-reported condom use was assessed at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months following enrollment. Changes in condom use and incident sexually transmitted infection rates were compared using χ2 tests. Risk factors for sexually transmitted infection acquisition were identified using multivariable logistic regression. Results Few participants in either group reported consistent condom use across all survey time points and with all partners (long-acting reversible contraceptive users: 5.2%; other methods: 11.3%; P < .001). There was no difference in change of condom use at 3, 6, and 12 months compared to baseline condom use regardless of method type (P = .65). A total of 94 incident sexually transmitted infections were documented, with long-acting reversible contraceptive users accounting for a higher proportion (3.9% vs 2.0%; P = .03). Initiation of a long-acting reversible contraceptive method was associated with increased sexually transmitted infection incidence (odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence ratio, 1.07–3.72). Conclusion Long-acting reversible contraceptive initiators reported lower rates of consistent condom use, but did not demonstrate a change in condom use when compared to preinitiation behaviors. Long-acting reversible contraceptive users were more likely to acquire a sexually transmitted infection in the 12 months following initiation.
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    Coping Strategies and Behavioral Changes Following a Genital Herpes Diagnosis Among an Urban Sample of Underserved Midwestern Women
    (Sage, 2016-03) Davis, Alissa; Roth, Alexis; Brand, Juanita Ebert; Zimet, Gregory D.; Van Der Pol, Barbara; Department of Pediatrics, IU School of Medicine
    This study focused on understanding the coping strategies and related behavioural changes of women who were recently diagnosed with herpes simplex virus type 2. In particular, we were interested in how coping strategies, condom use, and acyclovir uptake evolve over time. Twenty-eight women screening positive for herpes simplex virus type 2 were recruited through a public health STD clinic and the Indianapolis Community Court. Participants completed three semi-structured interviews with a woman researcher over a six-month period. The interviews focused on coping strategies for dealing with a diagnosis, frequency of condom use, suppressive and episodic acyclovir use, and the utilisation of herpes simplex virus type 2 support groups. Interview data were analysed using content analysis to identify and interpret concepts and themes that emerged from the interviews. Women employed a variety of coping strategies following an herpes simplex virus type 2 diagnosis. Of the women, 32% reported an increase in religious activities, 20% of women reported an increase in substance use, and 56% of women reported engaging in other coping activities. A total of 80% of women reported abstaining from sex immediately following the diagnosis, but 76% of women reported engaging in sex again by the six-month interview. Condom and medication use did not increase and herpes simplex virus type 2 support groups were not utilised by participants. All participants reported engaging in at least one coping mechanism after receiving their diagnosis. A positive diagnosis did not seem to result in increased use of condoms for the majority of participants and the use of acyclovir was low overall.
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    Self-efficacy mediates the relationship between social norms and HPV vaccine intentions in undergraduate students
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Stout, Madison E.; Winger, Joseph G.; Christy, Shannon M.; Mosher, Catherine E.
    Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States. The HPV vaccine reduces incidences of genital warts and certain cancers among both men and women. Unfortunately, many undergraduate students have not been vaccinated. Previous research suggests students are more likely to report greater intentions to get vaccinated when others (e.g., friends, physicians) believe they should receive the vaccine; that is, greater social norms are associated with greater vaccine intentions. However, few studies have examined potential mediators of this association. Drawing from the Theory of Planned Behavior and the Health Belief Model, we hypothesized that social norms would be related to vaccine intentions through self-efficacy. Undergraduate students (N=210) who had not received the HPV vaccine completed an online survey. Participants were predominately White (72%), female (67%), heterosexual (92%), and on average 19.9 years of age (SD=3.2). Forty-nine percent were in a romantic relationship, and 55% were sexually active within the past three months. Participants completed HPV vaccine specific measures, including social norms regarding vaccination, self-efficacy for vaccination, and vaccine intentions. Two mediation analyses (one per gender) were conducted to examine whether self-efficacy mediated the relationship between social norms and vaccine intentions. For women and men, greater social norms were related to greater self-efficacy, and greater selfefficacy was related to greater vaccine intentions (ps<0.05); additionally, social norms were indirectly related to vaccine intentions through self-efficacy (p<0.05). For women, after accounting for self-efficacy, social norms were still significantly related to intentions (p<0.05). For men, however, after accounting for self-efficacy, social norms were not significantly related to intentions (p=0.75). Consistent with previous findings, social norms were positively related to vaccine intentions; however, we found that this association was mediated by self-efficacy. Future intervention studies should consider targeting social norms and improving students’ confidence in their ability to obtain the vaccine.
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    Sexually transmitted infections case notification rates in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2005–2012
    (2016-08) Memish, Ziad A.; Filemban, Sanaa M.; Al-Hakeem, Raafat F.; Hassan, Majdy Hamed; Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are major public health concerns around the world. This study describes the epidemiology of reported STI cases from 2005 to 2012 in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: The annual registry was the main source of data as reported by healthcare providers. Case definitions were based on positive human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies detectable by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and confirmed by western blot test for HIV cases. The definitions of other STIs were based on published Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) definitions. Results: During the study period, 68,886 new cases were reported, with nongonococcal urethritis being the highest STI (25.4) per 100,000 population (25.4), followed by trichomoniasis (9.1), HIV (7), human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (2.9), and syphilis (1.3). The cases included nongonococcal urethritis (n = 35,613; 51.7%), trichomoniasis (n = 12,679; 18.4%), gonococcal urethritis (n = 3,006; 4.4%), syphilis (n = 1,769; 2.6%), HIV (n = 9,843; 14.3%), genital warts (n = 4,018; 5.8%), genital herpes (n = 1,508; 2.2%), and chancroid (n = 450; 0.7%). Saudi contribution to HIV cases increased from 28.9% in the preceding decade to 43.5% in the current study. Conclusions: Nongonococcal urethritis, trichomoniasis, and HIV were the most commonly reported STIs in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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    Weekly variations in feelings of trust predict incident STI within a prospective cohort of adolescent women from a US city FREE
    (BMJ, 2018) Matson, Pamela A.; Fortenberry, J. Dennis; Chung, Shang-en; Gaydos, Charlotte A.; Ellen, Jonathan M.; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Objectives Feelings of intimacy, perceptions of partner concurrency (PPC) and perceptions of risk for an STD (PRSTD) are meaningful and dynamic attributes of adolescent sexual relationships. Our objective was to examine whether variations in these STI-associated feelings and perceptions predicted incident Chlamydia trachomatis and/or Neisseriagonorrhoeae infection within a prospective cohort of urban adolescent women. Methods A cohort of clinic-recruited women aged 16–19 completed daily surveys on feelings and risk perceptions about each current sex partner on a smartphone continuously for up to 18 months. Urine was tested for C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae every 3 months. Daily responses were averaged across the week. As overall means for trust, closeness and commitment were high, data were coded to indicate any decrease in feelings from the previous week. PRSTD and PPC were reverse coded to indicate any increase from the previous week. An index was created to examine the cumulative effect of variation in these feelings and perceptions. Generalised linear models were used to account for correlation among repeated measures within relationships. Results For each week that there was a decrease in trust, there was a 45% increase in the risk of being infected with an STI at follow-up (relative risk (RR) 1.45, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.78, P=0.004). Neither a decrease in closeness or commitment, nor an increase in PRSTD or PPC was associated with an STI outcome. Cumulatively, the index measure indicated that a change in an additional feeling or perception over the week increased the odds of an STI by 14% (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.29, P=0.026). Conclusions A decrease in feelings of trust towards a main partner may be a more sensitive indicator of STI risk than PRSTD, PPC or commitment. The next generation of behavioural interventions for youth will need strategies to address feelings of intimacy within adolescent romantic relationships.