Browsing by Subject "self-efficacy"
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Item Association of Self-Efficacy and Self-Regulation with Nutrition and Exercise Behaviors in a Community Sample of Adults(Taylor and Francis, 2015-11) Shieh, Carol; Weaver, Michael T.; Hanna, Kathleen M.; Newsome, Kathleen; Mogos, Mulubrhan; IU School of NursingThis study examined the association of self-efficacy and self-regulation with nutrition and exercise behaviors. The study used a cross-sectional design and included 108 participants (54 men, 54 women). Nutrition behaviors (fruit/vegetable consumption, dinner cooking, and restaurant eating) and exercise were measured using total days in last week a behavior was reported. Instruments measuring self-efficacy and self-regulation demonstrated excellent Cronbach’s alphas (.93–.95). Path analysis indicated only fruit/vegetable consumption and exercise were associated with self-efficacy and self-regulation. Self-regulation showed direct association with fruit/vegetable consumption and exercise, but self-efficacy had direct association only with exercise. Self-efficacy and self-regulation should be strategically used to promote health behaviors.Item Career Development and Exploration in Art Therapy(2022) Welker, Taylor; Misluk, Eileen; McCullough, ShannonThis research explains and implements creating a proposal with art therapy and career counseling for high school systems while working with adolescents. Within the literature review, existing research has demonstrated that career counseling yields benefits in professional planning and satisfaction. The adolescence stage has many expected developmental tasks, including choosing a career about individual traits and strengths. Research also addresses influences relating to adolescent needs that may help or hinder career choices. To manage educational settings and conditions, the research discusses benefits and limitations. While research has provided understanding for career counseling, limited research combines both art therapy and career development. Art therapy research has highlighted many goals about self-awareness and empowering individuals to understand themselves. Comparisons of research on art therapy and career counseling provide evidence and information to create a program proposal for individual students. Career theories such as Holland’s Theory of Vocational Choice and Social Cognitive Career Theory go in-depth on clients' needs in this process. These theories also tie in three themes explored from existing art therapy literature, including identity, self-efficacy, and self-esteem.Item A Comparison of Objectively- and Subjectively-Measured Adherence in Glaucoma Patients of African Descent(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Awan, Nabeel; Sutaria, Ankita; Bigatti, Silvia M.; Sirk, Emily; Hosty, Elizabeth; Payton, Chloe; Grow, Shelbi; Sutton, Bradley; Torbit, Julie; Racette, LynePurpose. Adherence to medical treatment of glaucoma is challenging. People of African descent (AD) have higher prevalence of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) and have been shown to have worse adherence. The goal of this prospective, observational study was to compare objectively- and subjectively-measured adherence in patients of African descent and to determine their relationship with self-efficacy. Methods. Twenty-one patients of AD diagnosed with OAG in the past five years were included in this study. Patients used a once-daily topical prostaglandin analog eye drop and self-administered their medication. Subjective adherence was assessed through self-report. Adherence was objectively measured using MEMS bottles. The cap of these bottles records the number of times the bottle is opened. Self-efficacy was assessed using the 10-item Glaucoma Medication Self-Efficacy scale and the 6-item Eye Drop Technique Self-Efficacy scale. MEMS adherence percentages were compared to self-reported adherence using a paired sample two-tailed t-test. To assess the relationship between objectively measured adherence and self-efficacy, patients were divided into 3 groups (n=7 each): high, medium and low adherence groups. The Chi-square test was used to determine whether differences in self-efficacy between the groups were present for each question on the two self-efficacy scales. Results. Subjectiveadherence (mean ± standard deviation) (97.34% ± 5.61) was significantly higher than objective adherence (66.34% ± 26.68) (p= 0.01). Of the 21 patients, 17 self-reported higher adherence levels than MEMS adherence levels. 4 patients with the highest levels of objectively measured adherence were the only patients to correctly estimate their adherence by self-report. Only one question was significantly associated with objective adherence: patients with high adherence were significantly more confident about taking their glaucoma medications when they do not experience symptoms (p = 0.04). Conclusions. Results showed that patients with higher adherence are more confident about using their eye drops in the absence of symptoms.Item Effect of Self-Efficacy on Weight Loss: A Psychosocial Analysis of a Community-Based Adaptation of the Diabetes Prevention Program Lifestyle Intervention(American Diabetes Association, 2014-11) Hays, Laura M.; Finch, Emily A.; Saha, Chandan; Marrero, David G.; Ackermann, Ronald T.; Department of Medicine, School of MedicineObjective. Weight loss is the most effective approach to reducing diabetes risk. It is a research priority to identify factors that may enhance weight loss success, particularly among those at risk for diabetes. This analysis explored the relationships between self-efficacy, weight loss, and dietary fat intake among adults at risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Methods. This pilot, site-randomized trial was designed to compare group-based Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle intervention delivery by YMCA staff to brief counseling alone (control) in 92 adults at risk for diabetes (BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2, ≥ 2 diabetes risk factors, and a random capillary blood glucose of 110–199 mg/dl). Self-efficacy was measured using the Weight Efficacy Lifestyle questionnaire. Data were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. A paired t test was used to determine within-group changes in self-efficacy and weight at 6 and 12 months. Using a fitted model, we estimated how much of an increase in self-efficacy was related to a 5% weight reduction at 6 and 12 months. Results. Self-efficacy was associated with a 5% reduction in baseline weight at 6 and 12 months but was not related to fat intake. Conclusion. These findings suggest that it is important to assess the level of self-efficacy when counseling adults at high risk for diabetes about weight loss. Certain aspects of self-efficacy seem to play a greater role, depending on the stage of weight loss.Item EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING: SELF-EFFICACY OF STUDENTS—INSTRUCTORS IN AN ADAPTED DANCE PROGRAM(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2012-04-13) Kline, Kyra L.; Swinford, RachelObjective: Experiential learning (EL) within an adapted dance program may produce increased self-efficacy in instructing or working with different populations such as disabled or culturally diverse individuals. The purpose of this study was to examine responses in participation with an adapted physi-cal activity (PA) dance program for young individuals with Down syndrome. Methods: To explore the experience of the student-volunteers, self-efficacy surveys were conducted before and after the six-week dance pro-gram. Using a Likert scale, students scored their perceived self-efficacy in individual and team instruction of PA in a variety of populations such as ur-ban settings, cardiac rehabilitation, children, and individuals with disabilities. Additionally, journal reflections were used to explore the question, “What did/does this experience mean to you?” Journal reflections were analyzed for themes and patterns using the guidelines for interpretative phenomenologi-cal analysis. Results: Results indicated that self-efficacy increased in instructing PA to the population involved in the dance program. Significant increases (P<.005) were also noted in one’s perceived ability to team instruct cardiac rehabilita-tion, high school students, general population, and children; as well as one’s perceived ability to individually instruct high-risk individuals, cardiac rehabili-tation, and children. Qualitative data from journal reflections suggest the fol-lowing themes: dancers taught student-volunteers life lessons, student-volunteers gained experience with different populations, student-volunteers gained teaching experience. Conclusion: Students involved in an EL program working with adapted populations, self-efficacy may increase not only in working with individuals with disabilities but may also increase self-efficacy in working with other populations. Students’ perception of the experience suggests that the EL ex-perience within the dance program through structured activities is impactful to personal and professional growth. Findings suggest that further studies may be needed to indicate the minimal duration of an EL experience needed to improve self-efficacy. Overall, students’ feelings toward the population suggest growth toward more civic-mindedness.Item Finding My Way: Using Visual Journals to Forge a Path of Resilience and Resistance(Penn State Libraries Open Publishing, 2023-09-06) Kulinski, Alexa R.; Herron School of Art and DesignOver the last four years of my K-12 visual arts teaching career, I faithfully kept visual journals, filling them with stories of my experiences in the classroom. What initially began as an experiment as I searched for a tool to help me navigate new challenges within a public school system, eventually led me to realize that my visual journals were a valuable resource to better understand myself as a teacher, my place within the system, and a resource for resilience. In this article, I use narrative and arts-based approaches to explore the ways I leveraged visual journals as a tool for resilience by integrating humor, fostering a sense of accomplishment and self-efficacy, as well as retaking ownership of my journey to fight back. Through sharing this narrative I hope to illustrate some of the ways visual journals can help arts educators find resilience and strength to resist during challenging times.Item Instructional Messaging to Support Diet Management in Young Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Text Message Intervention(2024-07) Madsen, Emilie Refsbol; Brann, Maria; Head, Katharine J.; Longtin, Krista; Yeager, Valerie A.Previously considered a disease that afflicted adults over the age of 45, Type 2 diabetes has become a major health problem for younger age groups in recent decades, specifically young adults. The disease is often attributed to lifestyle choices, such as poor diet and inactivity. Conversely, lifestyle choices can contribute to improvement in its management and subsequent health outcomes. Through multiple research phases, I developed and employed instructional text messages to support diet management in young adults (18-45) with Type 2 diabetes. This study aimed to address the effectiveness of instructional text messages in increasing self-efficacy, health literacy, and dietary adherence over standard of care text messages in young adults with Type 2 diabetes over a two-week intervention period. The study design involved a two-arm text message intervention (comparison and intervention), wherein participants received daily text messages about diet. Formative research for the development of instructional text messages included expert interviews and panels, cognitive interviews, and pre-testing. Prior to, and following, the intervention, participants completed scales assessing health literacy, self-efficacy, and diet adherence, and responded to open-ended questions. Eighty-five participants enrolled in the intervention. I analyzed quantitative data using repeated measures ANOVAs and qualitative data using a priori and thematic analysis. Quantitative results indicated no statistically significant effect of instructional text messages over standard of care text messages in increasing health literacy, self-efficacy, and diet adherence. However, findings illustrate a remarkable main effect from receiving text messages on self-efficacy, suggesting that receiving text messages, regardless of design, may support increased self-efficacy in young adults with Type 2 diabetes. Qualitative data showed a sizable number of intervention group participants emphasized the value of the instructional design in offering actionable steps and behaviors to engage with. Most recommendations for message improvements were noted by the comparison group, many of which were implemented in the instructional messages, supporting the use of instructional design to produce engagement and behavior change. Implications of this study reflect the novel implementation of instructional design to support diet management in Type 2 diabetics and the uses of health literacy and self-efficacy to inform and evaluate diet-oriented communication interventions.Item Medical student self-efficacy, knowledge and communication in adolescent medicine(IJME, 2014-08-20) Woods, Jennifer L.; Pasold, Tracie L.; Boateng, Beatrice A.; Hensel, Devon J.; Department of Pediatrics, School of MedicineObjectives To evaluate student self-efficacy, knowledge and communication with teen issues and learning activities. Methods Data were collected during the 8-week pediatric rotation for third–year medical students at a local children’s hospital. Students completed a self-efficacy instrument at the beginning and end of the rotation; knowledge and communication skills were evaluated during standardized patient cases as part of the objective structured clinical examination. Self-efficacy, knowledge and communication frequencies were described with descriptive statistics; differences between groups were also evaluated utilizing two-sample t-tests. Results Self-efficacy levels of both groups increased by the end of the pediatric rotation, but students in the two-lecture group displayed significantly higher self-efficacy in confidentiality with adolescents (t(35)=-2.543, p=0.02); interviewing adolescents, assessing risk, sexually transmitted infection risk and prevention counseling, contraception counseling were higher with marginal significance. No significant differences were found between groups for communication; assessing sexually transmitted infection risk was marginally significant for knowledge application during the clinical exam. Conclusions Medical student self-efficacy appears to change over time with effects from different learning methods; this higher self-efficacy may increase future comfort and willingness to work with this high-risk, high-needs group throughout a medical career.Item The multidimensional kidney transplant self-management scale : development and psychometric testing(2018-04-03) Chung, Shu-Yu; Hacker, Eileen; Jones, Josette; Ellis, Rebecca Bartlett; Rawl, Susan; Bakas, TamilynPoor long-term kidney transplant outcomes are a significant problem in the U.S. Interventions must focus on preserving allograft function by managing modifiable risk factors. An instrument capable of identifying problems with post-kidney transplant self-management behaviors may enable the design and testing of self-management interventions. This study’s purpose was to test the psychometric properties of the new Kidney Transplant Self-Management Scale (KT–SM). The Zimmerman framework adapted for kidney transplant self-management guided the cross-sectional study. A total of 153 kidney recipients recruited from Facebook® completed the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease (SEMCD), Patient Activation Measure (PAM), Kidney Transplant Questionnaire (KTQ), and KT–SM Scale instruments via a REDCap® survey. Most participants were female (65%), White (81.7%), and middle-aged (M = 46.7; SD = 12.4 years) with a history of dialysis (73%) and received a kidney transplant an average of 6.58 years previous (SD = 6.7). Exploratory factor analysis results supported the 16-item KT–SM Scale as a multidimensional scale with five domains with loadings ranging between .39 and .89: medication adherence, protecting kidney, cardiovascular risk reduction, ownership, and skin cancer prevention. Internal consistency reliability for the total scale (Cronbach’s α = .84) and five domains ranged from .71 to .83. The total and domains were positively correlated, ranging from r = .51 to .76, p = .01. Criterion-related validity was evidenced by significant correlations of KT–SM and domains with SEMCD (r =.22 to .53, p = .01), PAM (r = .31 to .52, p = .01), and the overall KTQ (r = .20 to .32, p = .01) except for one KT–SM domain: protecting kidney. Construct validity was evaluated using multivariate regression analysis. The linear combination of age, patient activation, and self-efficacy explained 45% of the variance in KT–SM behaviors; 47% of the variance in KTQ (measuring quality of life) was predicted by age, comorbidity, and self-efficacy. These findings provide beginning evidence of reliability and validity for the newly developed KT–SM scale. Instruments like this may provide a means to capture the self-management behaviors of the kidney transplant population, which is critical for future work on interventions.Item Occupational Therapy to Address Role Competence and Advocacy in a Mother-Child Unit in a Women's Prison(2022-05) Moring, Kelly; DeRolf, Annie; Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health and Human Sciences; DeRolf, AnnieThis occupational therapy doctoral capstone experience focused on program development and advocacy. This paper includes a literature review of occupational therapy within the prison system, the nature of incarceration within the United States, and the impact the prison system has on the individuals who are incarcerated. Following the completion of the literature review, a consultation with an emeritus professor whose scholarship focuses on the role of occupational therapy within the criminal justice system, as well as an interview with local prison staff was conducted. It was determined that occupational therapy programming to improve role competence among mothers who are incarcerated has the potential for positive outcomes. A provisional program was developed for women who would be enrolled in a mother-child unit at a women’s prison with an emphasis on role competence, self-efficacy, and advocacy for self and child. Due to COVID-19 protocol, implementation of the program was not completed. The developed program and corresponding manual were evaluated based on standards of health literacy, as well as with a rubric developed from human-centered design principles. Outcomes are needed to determine overall effectiveness, and it is recommended for a registered occupational therapist and/or occupational therapy capstone student to implement this program as a pilot study within a women’s prison.