Browsing by Subject "review"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
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    Does Colchicine Improve Pain in an Acute Gout Flare?
    (Elsevier, 2015-09) Turner, Joseph; Cooper, Dylan; Department of Emergency Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    Low-quality evidence suggests that both high- and low-dose colchicine decreases pain in acute gout flares; however, high-dose regimens are associated with more frequent adverse effects.
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    Epidemiology of colorectal cancer.
    (IJMEG, 2016) Marley, Andrew R.; Nan, Hongmei; Department of Epidemiology, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health
    Colorectal cancer is currently the third deadliest cancer in the United States and will claim an estimated 49,190 U.S. lives in 2016. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current understanding of this disease, based on nationally published statistics and information presented in peer-reviewed journal articles. Specifically, this review will cover the following topics: descriptive epidemiology (including time and disease trends both in the United States and abroad), risk factors (environmental, genetic, and gene-environment interactions), screening, prevention and control, and treatment. Landmark discoveries in colorectal cancer risk factor research will also be presented. Based on the information reviewed for this report, we suggest that future U.S. public health efforts aim to increase colorectal cancer screening among African American communities, and that future worldwide colorectal cancer epidemiology studies should focus on researching nutrient-gene interactions towards the goal of improving personalized treatment and prevention strategies.
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    Indiana Public Health System Review
    (Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, 2020-12) Halverson, Paul; Yeager, Valerie
    This study examines the current state of Indiana’s public health system. In particular, this report focuses on the centerpiece of the public health system - the network of local and state governmental public health agencies - their structure, human and financial resources, authorities, and activities.
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    Mental Health Outcomes during Colorectal Cancer Survivorship: A Review of the Literature
    (Wiley, 2016-11) Mosher, Catherine E.; Winger, Joseph G.; Given, Barbara A.; Helft, Paul R.; O’Neil, Bert H.; Psychology, School of Science
    Objective This article reviews literature on adults’ mental health outcomes during acute and long-term colorectal cancer (CRC) survivorship. Methods We identified articles that included at least one measure of psychological symptoms or mental quality of life or well-being through a search of databases (CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES). Articles were published between January 2004 and April 2015. Results A significant proportion of CRC survivors experience clinically meaningful levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms or reduced mental well-being across the trajectory of the illness. Demographic, medical, and psychosocial predictors of mental health outcomes were identified. However, few studies were theory-driven, and gaps remain in our understanding of risk and protective factors with respect to mental health outcomes, especially during long-term CRC survivorship. Conclusions Theory-driven longitudinal research with larger samples is required to identify subgroups of CRC survivors with different trajectories of psychological adjustment. Such research would assess adjustment as a function of internal resources (e.g., personality, coping) and external resources (e.g., finances, social support) to inform future interventions for CRC survivors.
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    Personalized Medicine for Diabetes: The Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: An Overview
    (2009-07) Marrero, David G.
    Type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the major public health threats in the United States today, reaching epidemic rates. Epidemiological evidence suggests a strong link between obesity and the risk of developing diabetes. Increasing evidence demonstrates that lifestyle interventions can significantly delay or possibly prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in persons with increased risk. Despite these findings, there remain important barriers to the translation of this research to the public health. These include identifying persons with an increased risk for developing the disease and the lack of easily accessible, cost-effective intervention programs. At least one study, however, has effectively implemented an evidenced-based intervention in community settings, suggesting that it may be possible to develop a model for the national scalability of primary prevention in the United States.
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    Strontium and Caries: A Long and Complicated Relationship
    (Karger, 2013) Lippert, Frank; Hara, Anderson T.; Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry
    Investigations into the role of strontium (Sr) in caries prevention have attracted great interest in the research community in the past, with their peak in the 1970–80s. To this date, no clear indication of the relative importance of Sr in caries prevention has been provided. A vast number of animal caries, epidemiological and mechanistic studies have been conducted. Although there is much discrepancy, the majority of studies suggest that Sr exhibits some cariostatic properties, predominantly in the presence of fluoride. An optimum Sr concentration of 5–10 ppm in drinking water has been proposed as a direct result of several epidemiological caries studies. Despite these results, no direct link can be established between Sr and caries prevention as, to date, no relevant, randomized controlled trials have been reported. The extrapolation of potential cariostatic properties of Sr from epidemiological studies is difficult due to the co-presence of several other trace elements in the water of the study areas, with many of these elements being attributed cariostatic properties in their own right. Furthermore, the role of caries risk factors was not taken into consideration. There is a clear need for further research, especially on the mineral phases in the dental hard tissues, plaque and plaque fluid associated with Sr as these may give rise to a better understanding of this subject matter. Based on the current data, the cariostatic properties of Sr, or at least those proposed by some authors, cannot be supported.
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    Surgical repair of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks: A systematic review
    (Wiley, 2017-04-07) Lobo, Brian C.; Baumanis, Maraya M.; Nelson, Rick F.; Otolaryngology -- Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine
    Objectives To review the safety and efficacy of surgical management for spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks of the anterior and lateral skull base. Data Sources A systematic review of English articles using MEDLINE. Review Methods Search terms included spontaneous, CSF, cerebrospinal fluid, endoscopic, middle fossa, transmastoid, leak, rhinorrhea. Independent extraction of articles by 3 authors. Results Patients with spontaneous CSF leaks are often obese (average BMI of 38 kg/m2) and female (72%). Many patients also have obstructive sleep apnea (∼45%) and many have elevated intracranial pressure when measured by lumbar puncture. In addition to thinning of the skull base, radiographic studies also demonstrate cortical bone thinning. Endoscopic surgical repair of anterior skull base leaks and middle cranial fossa (MCF) approach for repair of lateral skull base leaks are safe and effective with an average short‐term failure rate of 9% and 6.5%, respectively. Long‐term failure rates are low. One randomized trial failed to show improved success of anterior leak repairs with the use of a lumbar drain (LD) (95% with vs. 92% without; P = 0.2). In a large retrospective cohort of MCF lateral skull base repairs, perioperative LD use was not necessary in >94% of patients. Conclusions Spontaneous CSF leaks are associated with female gender, obesity, increased intracranial hypertension, and obstructive sleep apnea. Endoscopic repair of anterior skull base leaks and MCF or transmastoid approaches for lateral skull base leaks have a high success rate of repair. In most cases, intraoperative placement of lumbar drain did not appear to result in improved success rates for either anterior or lateral skull base leaks. Level of Evidence 2a, Systematic Review.
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    Systematic review of sleep disorders in cancer patients: can the prevalence of sleep disorders be ascertained?
    (2014-11) Otte, Julie L.; Carpenter, Janet S.; Manchanda, Shalini; Rand, Kevin L.; Skaar, Todd C.; Weaver, Michael T.; Chernyak, Yelena; Zhong, Xin; Igega, Christele; Landis, Carol
    Although sleep is vital to all human functioning and poor sleep is a known problem in cancer, it is unclear whether the overall prevalence of the various types of sleep disorders in cancer is known. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to evaluate if the prevalence of sleep disorders could be ascertained from the current body of literature regarding sleep in cancer. This was a critical and systematic review of peer-reviewed, English-language, original articles published from 1980 through 15 October 2013, identified using electronic search engines, a set of key words, and prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Information from 254 full-text, English-language articles was abstracted onto a paper checklist by one reviewer, with a second reviewer randomly verifying 50% (k = 99%). All abstracted data were entered into an electronic database, verified for accuracy, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequencies in SPSS (v.20) (North Castle, NY). Studies of sleep and cancer focus on specific types of symptoms of poor sleep, and there are no published prevalence studies that focus on underlying sleep disorders. Challenging the current paradigm of the way sleep is studied in cancer could produce better clinical screening tools for use in oncology clinics leading to better triaging of patients with sleep complaints to sleep specialists, and overall improvement in sleep quality.
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    Systematic review of sleep disorders in cancer patients: can the prevalence of sleep disorders be ascertained?
    (Wiley, 2015-02) Otte, Julie L.; Carpenter, Janet S.; Manchanda, Shalini; Rand, Kevin L.; Skaar, Todd C.; Weaver, Michael; Chernyak, Yelena; Zhong, Xin; Igega, Christele; Landis, Carol
    Although sleep is vital to all human functioning and poor sleep is a known problem in cancer, it is unclear whether the overall prevalence of the various types of sleep disorders in cancer is known. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to evaluate if the prevalence of sleep disorders could be ascertained from the current body of literature regarding sleep in cancer. This was a critical and systematic review of peer-reviewed, English-language, original articles published from 1980 through 15 October 2013, identified using electronic search engines, a set of key words, and prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. Information from 254 full-text, English-language articles was abstracted onto a paper checklist by one reviewer, with a second reviewer randomly verifying 50% (k = 99%). All abstracted data were entered into an electronic database, verified for accuracy, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequencies in SPSS (v.20) (North Castle, NY). Studies of sleep and cancer focus on specific types of symptoms of poor sleep, and there are no published prevalence studies that focus on underlying sleep disorders. Challenging the current paradigm of the way sleep is studied in cancer could produce better clinical screening tools for use in oncology clinics leading to better triaging of patients with sleep complaints to sleep specialists, and overall improvement in sleep quality.
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    Vagueness: A Global Approach by Kit Fine (review)
    (The Philosophy Education Society, 2022-03) Carmichael, Chad; Philosophy, School of Liberal Arts