Browsing by Subject "public policy"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Coordination of Autonomous Healthcare Entities: Emergency Response to Multiple Casualty Incidents
    (Wiley, 2017) Mills, Alex F.; Helm, Jonathan E.; Jola-Sanchez, Andres F.; Tatikonda, Mohan V.; Courtney, Bobby A.; Kelley School of Business – Indianapolis
    In recent years, many urban areas have established healthcare coalitions (HCCs) composed of autonomous (and often competing) hospitals, with the goal of improving emergency preparedness and response. We study the role of such coalitions in the specific context of response to multiple-casualty incidents in an urban setting, where on-scene responders must determine how to send casualties to medical facilities. A key function in incident response is multi-agency coordination. When this coordination is provided by an HCC, responders can use richer information about hospital capacities to decide where to send casualties. Using bed availability data from an urban area and a suburban area in the United States, we analyze the response capability of healthcare infrastructures under different levels of coordination, and we develop a stress test to identify areas of weakness. We find that improved coordination efforts should focus on decision support using information about inpatient resources, especially in urban areas with high inter-hospital variability in resource availability. We also find that coordination has the largest benefit in small incidents. This benefit is a new value proposition for HCCs, which were originally formed to improve preparedness for large disasters.
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    Gigaton Problems Need Gigaton Solutions
    (2010-05) Xu, Ming; Crittenden, John C.; Chen, Yongsheng; Thomas, Valerie M.; Noonan, Douglas S.; DesRoches, Reginald; Brown, Marilyn A.; French, Steve P.
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    Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program: An Economic and Operational Analysis
    (INFORMS, 2016-11) Zhang, Dennis J.; Gurvich, Itai; Van Mieghem, Jan A.; Park, Eric; Young, Robert S.; Williams, Mark V.; Department of Medicine, IU School of Medicine
    The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP), a part of the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, requires the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services to penalize hospitals with excess readmissions. We take an economic and operational (patient flow) perspective to analyze the effectiveness of this policy in encouraging hospitals to reduce readmissions. We develop a game-theoretic model that captures the competition among hospitals inherent in HRRP’s benchmarking mechanism. We show that this competition can be counterproductive: it increases the number of nonincentivized hospitals, which prefer paying penalties over reducing readmissions in any equilibrium. We calibrate our model with a data set of more than 3,000 hospitals in the United States and show that under the current policy, and for a large set of parameters, 4%–13% of the hospitals remain nonincentivized to reduce readmissions. We also validate our model against the actual performance of hospitals in the three years since the introduction of the policy. We draw several policy recommendations to improve this policy’s outcome. For example, localizing the benchmarking process—comparing hospitals against similar peers—improves the performance of the policy.
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    The Index of Philanthropic Freedom 2015
    (2015) Center for Global Prosperity, Hudson Institute; Aldelman, Carol; Russell, Kimberly; Barnett, Jesse
    The Index of Philanthropic Freedom 2015 is the first analysis of philanthropic freedom across the world. By examining barriers and incentives for individuals and organizations to donate money and time to social causes, the Center for Global Prosperity has measured, ranked, and compared countries on their ease of giving. The research is a major step in identifying the public policy actions to encourage private giving which, in turn, can increase generosity.
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    Risk of Recidivism Facing Offenders upon their Return to the Community
    (2013-06) Rydberg, Jason; Grommon, Eric; Bynum, Timothy S.; Michigan Justice Statistics Center
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    The Rivers of the Anthropocene Literature Database and the Transmission of Environmental Concepts
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2014-04-11) Salla, Keenan
    The Rivers of the Anthropocene project aims to conduct a comparative study of two rivers, the Ohio in the United States and the Tyne in the United Kingdom, over the course of the industrial era and show how those rivers have been affected by anthropogenic action. Through this comparison the project aims to open a dialogue between the humanities and the sciences by breaking down barriers between what is considered historical and scientific data. A key component in this task is the creation of a database of literature published about the rivers in question. To this end, this phase of the project has collected metadata from several library catalogs operated by a number of government and non-profit agencies, filling in gaps in the metadata relevant to the project along the way. As one of the key focuses of the project is how ideas are transmitted across not only academic disciplines, but between academia, government and the public; I have analyzed a selection of government publications over time looking for changes in vocabulary and context associated with changing ideas about the environment and compared them to other textual analysis tools like Google’s N-gram. In doing this I have uncovered some interesting relationships between language and policy.
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    Understanding the Challenges Facing Offenders Upon Their Return to the Community: Final Report
    (2012) Grommon, Eric; Rydberg, Jason; Bynum, Timothy S.