Browsing by Subject "psychiatric disorder"

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    An exploration of concomitant psychiatric disorders in children with autism spectrum disorder
    (Elsevier, 2019-01) Lecavalier, Luc; McCracken, Courtney E.; Aman, Michael G.; McDougle, Christopher J.; McCracken, James T.; Tierney, Elaine; Smith, Tristram; Johnson, Cynthia; King, Bryan; Handen, Benjamin; Swiezy, Naomi B.; Arnold, L. Eugene; Bearss, Karen; Vitiello, Benedetto; Scahill, Lawrence; Psychiatry, School of Medicine
    Objective We explored patterns of concomitant psychiatric disorders in a large sample of treatment-seeking children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods Participants were 658 children with ASD (age 3–17 years; mean = 7.2 years) in one of six federally-funded multisite randomized clinical trials (RCT) between 1999 and 2014. All children were referred for hyperactivity or irritability. Study designs varied, but all used the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory or Early Childhood Inventory to assess Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional-Defiant Disorder (ODD), Conduct Disorder (CD), Anxiety Disorders, and Mood Disorders. In addition, several measures in common were used to assess demographic and clinical characteristics. Results Of the 658 children, 73% were Caucasian and 59% had an IQ >70. The rates of concomitant disorders across studies were: ADHD 81%, ODD 46%, CD 12%, any anxiety disorder 42%, and any mood disorder 8%. Two or more psychiatric disorders were identified in 66% of the sample. Of those who met criteria for ADHD, 50% also met criteria for ODD and 46% for any anxiety disorder. Associations between types of concomitant disorders and a number of demographic and clinical characteristics are presented. Conclusion In this well-characterized sample of treatment-seeking children with ASD, rates of concomitant psychiatric disorders were high and the presence of two or more co-occurring disorders was common. Findings highlight the importance of improving diagnostic practice in ASD and understanding possible mechanisms of comorbidity.
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    Using Patterns of Genetic Association to Elucidate Shared Genetic Etiologies Across Psychiatric Disorders
    (Springer, 2017-07) Cho, Seung Bin; Aliev, Fazil; Clark, Shaunna L.; Adkins, Amy E.; Edenberg, Howard J.; Bucholz, Kathleen K.; Porjesz, Bernice; Dick, Danielle M.; Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine
    Twin studies indicate that latent genetic factors overlap across comorbid psychiatric disorders. In this study, we used a novel approach to elucidate shared genetic factors across psychiatric outcomes by clustering single nucleotide polymorphisms based on their genome-wide association patterns. We applied latent profile analysis (LPA) to p-values resulting from genome-wide association studies across three phenotypes: symptom counts of alcohol dependence (AD), antisocial personality disorder (ASP), and major depression (MD), using the European–American case-control genome-wide association study subsample of the collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism (N = 1399). In the 3-class model, classes were characterized by overall low associations (85.6% of SNPs), relatively stronger association only with MD (6.8%), and stronger associations with AD and ASP but not with MD (7.6%), respectively. These results parallel the genetic factor structure identified in twin studies. The findings suggest that applying LPA to association results across multiple disorders may be a promising approach to identify the specific genetic etiologies underlying shared genetic variance.