Browsing by Subject "periodontitis"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Association between intracranial carotid artery calcifications and periodontitis: A cone-beam computed tomography study
    (AAP, 2021-10) AlSakr, Abdulaziz; Blanchard, Steven; Wong, Phillip; Thyvalikakath, Thankam; Hamada, Yusuke; Periodontology, School of Dentistry
    Background Intracranial carotid artery calcifications (ICACs) are one type of calcification that may be detected as incidental findings in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This retrospective study aimed to examine the prevalence of ICACs on CBCT images and their associations among age, gender, chronic periodontitis, and patient-reported cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods A total of 303 CBCT scans were reviewed and a total of 208 patients met the inclusion criteria. The presence or absence of ICACs was evaluated in the ophthalmic and cavernous segments of each scan. Patient demographic data, including age, gender, and medical history, specifically focused on CVDs were recorded. The presence or absence of periodontitis was recorded from each subject with full mouth radiographs and clinical measurements. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated as part of the logistic regression analysis. Results Overall, ICACs were found in 93 subjects (45%). The bilateral ICACs were found in 43 subjects (21% of the total subjects, 46% of the subjects with ICACs). There were statistically significant associations between presence of ICACs and periodontitis (OR = 4.55), hypertension (OR = 3.02), hyperlipidemia (OR = 2.87), increasing age (OR = 2.24), and the male gender (OR = 1.85). Smoking status was not significantly correlated with ICACs. Conclusion This study revealed that nearly half (45%) of the subjects displayed ICACs on the CBCT images. ICACs are significantly related to the status of chronic periodontitis, age, gender, and CVDs. A more careful review of CBCT scans is highly recommended to detect these calcifications and refer patients for further medical evaluation.
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    Efficacy of Er:YAG laser on periodontitis as an adjunctive non‐surgical treatment: A split‐mouth randomized controlled study
    (Wiley, 2019-05) Zhou, Xuan; Lin, Mei; Zhang, Dongxue; Song, Yiqing; Wang, Zuomin; Epidemiology, School of Public Health
    Aim To evaluate the adjunctive efficacy of Er:YAG laser use with mechanical scaling and root planing (SRP ) for non‐surgical treatment of periodontitis. Materials and Methods In a randomized, single‐blinded, controlled trial, 27 patients were recruited. Using a split‐mouth design, two quadrants were randomly allocated into either a test group or a control group. The test quadrants received Er:YAG laser (ERL ; 100 mJ /pulse; 15 Hz to hard tissue and 50 mJ /pulse; 30 Hz to soft tissue) plus SRP treatment, while the control quadrants received SRP only. We evaluated periodontal indexes, including probing depth (PD ), clinical attachment level (CAL ), bleeding index (BI ), and plaque index (PLI ) at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months. Results The PD and CAL means in the ERL + SRP group were significantly lower than those in the SRP group at 3‐month follow‐up (PD : 2.98 ± 0.38 mm vs. 3.09 ± 0.35 mm; CAL : 4.51 ± 0.69 mm vs. 4.72 ± 0.67 mm) and 6‐month follow‐up (PD : 2.91 ± 0.31 mm vs. 3.02 ± 0.30 mm; CAL : 4.52 ± 0.65 mm vs. 4.72 ± 0.66 mm; p = 0.03 for both PD and CAL ). There were no significant differences in BI and PLI between two groups. Conclusions The Er:YAG laser treatment combined with conventional SRP significantly improved PD and CAL compared to SRP therapy alone; however, these differences were very small and, as a result, the adjunctive effect of Er:YAG laser is likely to be minimal clinically important.
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    Endodontic management of an Infected Immature Tooth with Spontaneous Root Closure and Type II Dens Invaginatus: A Case Report
    (2015) Baker, Ryan W.; Spolnik, Kenneth J.; Ghoneima, Ahmed; Ehrlich, Ygal
    Apical periodontitis in an immature maxillary lateral incisor (#10) with arrested root development and a natural closure of the open apex in 22-year-old male was endodontically treated in a manner that conserved the existing hard tissue barrier (HTB). A dens invaginatus Oehlers II was also present. The patient reported no symptoms, but did recall an incident of dental trauma as a child. A 3D image showed the nature of the HTB closing the open foramen as well as the anatomy of the immature root with the dens invaginatus. Porosities were seen in the HTB and that is consistent with the histological “Swiss Cheese” appearance known to occur in apexification. Endodontic treatment was performed in a single-visit. Access to the root canal system (RCS) included penetration through the dens invaginatus. The canal was not mechanically cleaned, but only irrigated with sodium hypochlorite, ethylenediaminetetra-acetic acid (EDTA), chlorhexidine using the EndoVac® system. The barrier was maintained and covered with a 5mm layer of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). A sterile damp sponge was placed on the MTA. On the following visit the MTA had set, and an EndoSequence fiber post was placed in the canal and EndoSequence dual-cure core build-up material was used to close the access and restore the tooth. A clinical and radiographic follow-up, 30 months after the initial treatment revealed resolution of the radiolucency and apical trabecular bone deposition and the patient was asymptomatic.
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    Feasibility of Utilizing Electronic Dental Record Data and Periodontitis Case Definition to Automate Diagnosis
    (IOS, 2024) Patel, Jay; Shin, Daniel; Willis, Lisa; Zai, Ahad; Thyvalikakath, Thankam; Dental Public Health and Dental Informatics, School of Dentistry
    Periodontitis is an irreversible disease leading to tooth loss, and 42% U.S. population suffers from periodontitis. Hence, diagnosing, monitoring, and determining its prevalence is critical to develop preventive strategies. However, a nationwide epidemiological study estimating the prevalence reported a concern about the discontinuation of such studies due to cost and ethical reasons. Therefore, this study determined the feasibility of utilizing electronic dental record (EDR) data and periodontitis case definition to automate periodontitis diagnosis. We utilized EDR data from the Indiana University School of Dentistry of 28,908 unique patients. We developed and tested a computer algorithm to diagnose periodontitis using the case definition. We found 44%, 22%, and 1% of patients with moderate, severe, and mild periodontitis, respectively. The algorithm worked with 100% sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy because of the excellent quality of the EDR data. We concluded the feasibility of providing automated periodontitis diagnosis from EDR data to conduct epidemiological studies across the US.