Browsing by Subject "occlusion"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    The association of malocclusion and trumpet performance
    (2015) Kula, Katherine; Cilingir, H. Zeynep; Eckert, George; Dagg, Jack; Ghoniema, Ahmed; Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, School of Dentistry
    Objective:  To determine whether trumpet performance skills are associated with malocclusion. Materials and Methods:  Following institutional review board approval, 70 university trumpet students (54 male, 16 female; aged 20–38.9 years) were consented. After completing a survey, the students were evaluated while playing a scripted performance skills test (flexibility, articulation, range, and endurance exercises) on their instrument in a soundproof music practice room. One investigator (trumpet teacher) used a computerized metronome and a decibel meter during evaluation. A three-dimensional (3D) cone-beam computerized tomography scan (CBCT) was taken of each student the same day as the skills test. Following reliability studies, multiple dental parameters were measured on the 3D CBCT. Nonparametric correlations (Spearman), accepting P < .05 as significant, were used to determine if there were significant associations between dental parameters and the performance skills. Results:  Intrarater reliability was excellent (intraclass correlations; all r values > .94). Although associations were weak to moderate, significant negative associations (r ≤ −.32) were found between Little's irregularity index, interincisal inclination, maxillary central incisor rotation, and various flexibility and articulation performance skills, whereas significant positive associations (r ≤ .49) were found between arch widths and various skills. Conclusions:  Specific malocclusions are associated with trumpet performance of experienced young musicians.
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    Clinical non-effectiveness of clopidogrel use for peripheral artery disease in patients with CYP2C19 polymorphisms: a systematic review.
    (Springer, 2022-06-03) Huang, Shu; Yang, Seonkyeong; Ly, Shirly; Yoo, Ryan H.; Lo-Ciganic, Wei-Hsuan; Eadon, Michael T.; Schleyer, Titus; Whipple, Elizabeth C.; Nguyen, Khoa Anh
    Purpose: To conduct a systematic review to identify studies that assessed the association between CYP2C19 polymorphisms and clinical outcomes in peripheral artery disease (PAD) patients who took clopidogrel. Methods: We systematically searched Ovid EMBASE, PubMed, and Web of Science from November 1997 (inception) to September 2020. We included observational studies evaluating how CYP2C19 polymorphism is associated with clopidogrel's effectiveness and safety among patients with PAD. We extracted relevant information details from eligible studies (e.g., study type, patient population, study outcomes). We used the Risk of Bias in Non-randomized Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) Tool to assess the risk of bias for included observational studies. Results: The outcomes of interest were the effectiveness and safety of clopidogrel. The effectiveness outcomes included clinical ineffectiveness (e.g., restenosis). The safety outcomes included bleeding and death related to the use of clopidogrel. We identified four observational studies with a sample size ranging from 50 to 278. Outcomes and comparison groups of the studies varied. Three studies (75%) had an overall low risk of bias. All included studies demonstrated that carrying CYP2C19 loss of function (LOF) alleles was significantly associated with reduced clinical effectiveness and safety of clopidogrel. Conclusions: Our systematic review showed an association between CYP2C19 LOF alleles and reduced functions of clopidogrel. The use of CYP2C19 testing in PAD patients prescribed clopidogrel may help improve the clinical outcomes. However, based on the limited evidence, there is a need for randomized clinical trials in PAD patients to test both the effectiveness and safety outcomes of clopidogrel.
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    Compliance and patching and atropine amblyopia treatments
    (Elsevier, 2015-09) Wang, Jingyun; Department of Ophthalmology, IU School of Medicine
    In the past 20 years, there has been a great advancement in knowledge pertaining to compliance with amblyopia treatments. The occlusion dose monitor introduced quantitative monitoring methods in patching, which sparked our initial understanding of the dose–response relationship for patching amblyopia treatment. This review focuses on current compliance knowledge and the impact it has on patching and atropine amblyopia treatment.
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    The effects of occlusion on single miniplate osteosyntheses of the mandible
    (2017-11) Katona, Thomas R.
    Aim: Miniplate osteosyntheses of a fractured mandible is a complex structural engineering problem that has been modeled experimentally, analytically and numerically. In general, the more realistic the model, the more difficult it is to appreciate its nuances. Thus, a purpose of this paper is to present a basic analytical model that illustrates the most fundamental principles of static equilibrium as it applies to the mechanics of single miniplate osteosynthesis designs. The second purpose is to use the model to demonstrate the effects of changes in occlusion on the loads experienced by the structures. Materials and methods: The 3 equations of static equilibrium were derived from the free-body-diagram of the distal segment of a vertically fractured reduced mandible. The equations were solved parametrically with variations in plate screw locations, anterior-posterior locations of occlusal contact, and occlusal contact force direction, including the simulation of sticky foods. Results: The results indicate a profound effect of occlusal contact force location and direction on the magnitudes and/or directions of the forces acting on the screw and the miniplate, and on the location and magnitude of the interfragmental bone-bone compression force. Conclusions: In some respects, this model is as barebones as is possible. Atypically however, it includes occlusal contact force direction. The results strongly suggest that all analyses of plating systems should account not only for occlusal contact force location and magnitude, but also its direction.
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    Streptococcus mutans Binding to Collagen, Fibrinogen, Fibronectin, and Laminin
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Kristoff, Sylvie N.; Gregory, Richard L.
    Introduction: Streptococcus mutans, nicotine, and certain proteins may be involved in a complicated mechanism that contributes to atherosclerosis. Build up of arterial plaque causes atherosclerosis. Arterial plaque is mainly composed of fat, cholesterol, and calcium. When plaque builds up in the arteries, a clot or blockage can occur and may cause an occlusion. Objective: S. mutans grows in oral biofilm and causes dental caries. These bacteria enter the blood stream from mucosal breaks in the oral cavity. There is evidence that S. mutans binds to endothelial cell surface proteins lining arterial surfaces. An increased incidence of S. mutans in arterial plaque seems to have a direct relationship with atherosclerosis. From preliminary research, there was a strong indication that increased S. mutans biofilm formation is caused by nicotine. The number of binding proteins on nicotine-treated S. mutans cell surface increases as well. In addition, results demonstrated that S. mutans binds to collagen type I, fibrinogen, fibronectin, and laminin, which are proteins found on endothelial cells. Methods: To investigate protein binding, S. mutans UA159 was cultured in 0, 0.25, 0.50, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mg/ml of nicotine and their ability to bind to human collagen type I, fibrinogen, fibronectin and laminin was assessed using an ELISA assay. Results: S. mutans significantly bound to collagen type I and fibrinogen when cultured in 2 and 4 mg/ml nicotine. S. mutans significantly bound to laminin when the bacterium was grown in 1, 2, and 4 mg/ml. The binding of S. mutans to fibronectin varied when cultured in different concentrations of nicotine. Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that S. mutans UA159 binds to collagen type I, fibrinogen, fibronectin, and laminin. This indicates that S. mutans and the proteins studied are very likely to be part of the mechanism that leads to atherosclerosis.