- Browse by Subject
Browsing by Subject "nitrate"
Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Haemodynamic effects of the nitroxyl donor cimlanod (BMS-986231) in chronic heart failure: a randomized trial(Wiley, 2021-07) Lang, Ninian N.; Ahmad, Faheem A.; Cleland, John G.; O'Connor, Christopher M.; Teerlink, John R.; Voors, Adriaan A.; Taubel, Jorg; Hodes, Anke R.; Anwar, Mohamed; Karra, Ravi; Sakata, Yasushi; Ishihara, Shiro; Senior, Roxy; Khemka, Abhishek; Prasad, Narayana G.; DeSouza, Mary M.; Seiffert, Dietmar; Ye, June Y.; Kessler, Paul D.; Borentain, Maria; Solomon, Scott D.; Felker, G. Michael; McMurray, John J. V.; Medicine, School of MedicineAims Nitroxyl provokes vasodilatation and inotropic and lusitropic effects in animals via post-translational modification of thiols. We aimed to compare effects of the nitroxyl donor cimlanod (BMS-986231) with those of nitroglycerin (NTG) or placebo on cardiac function in patients with chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Methods and results In a randomized, multicentre, double-blind, crossover trial, 45 patients with stable HFrEF were given a 5 h intravenous infusion of cimlanod, NTG, or placebo on separate days. Echocardiograms were done at the start and end of each infusion period and read in a core laboratory. The primary endpoint was stroke volume index derived from the left ventricular outflow tract at the end of each infusion period. Stroke volume index with placebo was 30 ± 7 mL/m2 and was lower with cimlanod (29 ± 9 mL/m2; P = 0.03) and NTG (28 ± 8 mL/m2; P = 0.02). Transmitral E-wave Doppler velocity on cimlanod or NTG was lower than on placebo and, consequently, E/e′ (P = 0.006) and E/A ratio (P = 0.003) were also lower. NTG had similar effects to cimlanod on these measurements. Blood pressure reduction was similar with cimlanod and NTG and greater than with placebo. Conclusion In patients with chronic HFrEF, the haemodynamic effects of cimlanod and NTG are similar. The effects of cimlanod may be explained by venodilatation and preload reduction without additional inotropic or lusitropic effects. Ongoing trials of cimlanod will further define its potential role in the treatment of heart failure.Item THE IMPACT OF STORM CHARACTERISTICS AND LAND USE ON NUTRIENT EXPORT IN TWO GLACIATED WATERSHEDS IN CENTRAL INDIANA, USA(2007-09-18T17:29:39Z) Wagner, Laura E.; Vidon, Philippe G.; Tedesco, Lenore P.; Licht, Kathy J.This study investigated nutrient export during three spring storm events in two different land use watersheds (agricultural and mixed land use) in a glacial till landscape of the Midwestern, USA. The objectives of the study were: (1) to determine how land use affects water, nitrate, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) delivery (timing, amount) to streams during spring storms in two central Indiana watersheds with contrasting land use; and (2) to determine nitrate, SRP and DOC flow pathways to streams during spring storms. High frequency stream sampling of nutrients and cations, coupled with hydrograph separations using δ18O, was used to identify water flow pathways and event and pre-event water contributions to the streams. Data indicate land use and storm characteristics play a role in the export of water and nutrients. In the agricultural watershed (Watershed A), the storm hydrograph is dominated by pre-event water, whereas the mixed land use watershed (Watershed M) storm hydrograph is more event water dominated. Watershed A also contains higher nutrient concentrations, especially nitrate. High bulk precipitation and greater maximum intensity export more nitrate, SRP, and DOC to the streams. Results also indicate nitrate, DOC, and SRP concentrations display distinct temporal patterns during spring storm events. DOC concentration increased with stormflow and peaked on the rising limb/with maximum discharge regardless of land use or storm event. In Watershed A, SRP concentration followed a similar pattern to DOC during small storms; therefore they are believed to be exported together with flushing of saturated near-surface soil waters via macropores/overland flow. However, SRP likely has multiple flowpaths, one dominated over another depending on the storm. Nitrate concentrations matched Ca2+, Mg2+, and Na+ trajectories and decreased with stormflow, suggesting a tile drain/subsurface flowpath. Nitrate and SRP peak concentrations are delayed relative to DOC in Watershed M. The wet retention ponds in the headwaters are believed to delay the stormflow response, and therefore, the delivery of nutrients to the stream.Item On the seasonality of long-range transport of acidic pollutants in East Asia(IOP, 2022-08-07) Chang, Chung-Te; Wang, Lixin; Wang, Lih-Jih; Liu, Chiung-Pin; Yang, Ci-Jian; Huang, Jr-Chuan; Wang, Chiao-Ping; Lin, Neng-Huei; Lin, Teng-Chiu; Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of ScienceEast Asia currently has the largest SO2 and NOx emissions in the world. The long-range transport (LRT) of acidic pollutants in this region is of great concern but the extent is not well understood. Here results from combined long-term (⩾20 years) atmospheric deposition monitoring and air trajectory analysis in East Asia were reported. The results showed that despite the large decrease of SO2 and NOx emissions in Taiwan, annual deposition of non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO2−4 ) in northern Taiwan showed no decreasing trend during 1994–2020. However, when divided seasonally, both nss-SO2−4 and nitrate (NO−3 ) deposition had a significant decreasing trend in the summer but not in the winter. Similar patterns were found for Japan and Korea. Air trajectory models in combination with a regional emission map indicate that LRT from eastern China contributed up to 70% of the winter deposition of nss-SO2−4 and NO−3 in Taiwan and up to 50% in Japan and Korea. The results indicate that LRT obscured the efficacy of local pollution control measures in East Asia and suggest that transboundary air pollution regulations are required to combat acid deposition.