Browsing by Subject "nicotine addiction"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Gender Differences: Smokers With and Without Substance Abuse History
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2013-04-05) Bennett, Sonia M.; Romito, Laura M.; Christen, Arden G.
    Previous research suggests that individuals with chemical dependence history experience more intense nicotine addiction, and during smoking cessation may be more likely to demonstrate increased negative affect and unfavorable scores on psychometric assessments. It is unknown how men and women may differ in their susceptibilities to such undesirable outcomes. From 1992-2004, The Indiana University Nicotine Dependence Program (IUNDP) treated over 1200 patients using a Mayo Clinic-based protocol which assesses the behavioral, social, and physiological aspects of nicotine dependence. The IUNDP was instituted at Fairbanks Hospital’s addictions center to address tobacco use among the patients and staff. Charts of individuals who completed nicotine dependence treatment (1992-2011) were selected from IU School of Dentistry and Fairbanks Hospital for retrospective analysis. Chart selection criteria consisted of the availability of complete pre-and post quit measures for a minimum of four total appointments and two post-quit appointments. Reviewed were 107 charts from patients without a history of chemical dependence (ND) and 123 from those with a chemical dependence history (CD), including 120 men and 110 women. Student researchers used a standardized protocol to capture 16 tobacco use and demographic variables and 12 post-quit measures. Comparisons between CD and ND groups were made using Pearson chi-square tests for binary data, Wilcoxon rank sum tests for all other data, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests for changes between time periods. Despite similarities among CD and ND smokers, males and females appear to face distinct challenges. Results suggest CD males are significantly more negative in mood, and are more likely to have increased withdrawal symptoms at the end of treatment. Males were also more likely to experience adverse events with NRT. Both CD males and females experienced more increased appetite than their ND counterparts. Females scored higher on addiction-related sensorimotor manipulation and may have increased propensity for psychological dependence.
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    Nicotinic receptor modulation to treat alcohol and drug dependence
    (2015-01) Rahman, Shafiqur; Engleman, Eric A.; Bell, Richard L.; Department of Psychiatry, IU School of Medicine
    Alcohol and drug dependence are serious public health problems worldwide. The prevalence of alcohol and drug dependence in the United States and other parts of the world is significant. Given the limitations in the efficacy of current pharmacotherapies to treat these disorders, research in developing alternative pharmacotherapies continues. Preclinical and clinical evidence thus far has indicated that brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are important pharmacological targets for the development of medications to treat alcohol and drug dependence. The nAChRs are a super family of ligand gated ion channels, and are expressed throughout the brain with twelve neuronal nAChR subunits (α2–α10 and β2–β4) identified. Here, we review preclinical and clinical evidence involving a number of nAChR ligands that target different nAChR subtypes in alcohol and nicotine addiction. The important ligands include cytisine, lobeline, mecamylamine, varenicline, sazetidine A and others that target α4β2* nAChR subtypes as small molecule modulators of the brain nicotinic cholinergic system are also discussed. Taken together, both preclinical and clinical data exist that support nAChR–based ligands as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of alcohol and drug dependence.
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    TOBACCO CESSATION: COMPARING SMOKERS WITH AND WITHOUT SUB-STANCE ABUSE HISTORY
    (Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2012-04-13) Bennett, S.; Kelly, P.; Christen, A.; Romito, L.
    Smoking cessation has been suggested to be more difficult for individuals with a history of chemical dependence. Previous research suggests a higher intensity of nicotine addiction, greater negative affect, and unfavorable psy-chometric assessment scores during cessation. The Indiana University Nico-tine Dependence Program (IUNDP) treated over 1200 patients using a Mayo Clinic-based approach which assesses the behavioral, social, and physiologi-cal aspects of tobacco and nicotine dependence. The IUNDP was also insti-tuted at FB. Participant charts (1992-2011) were selected from IUSD and FB for retrospective analysis. Chart selection criteria consisted of complete, pre-and post quit measures for a minimum of four appointments, and two post-quit appointments. 107 charts from patients without history of chemical de-pendence (ND) and 123 from those with a chemical dependence (CD) history were reviewed. Student researchers, trained to a standardized protocol, cap-tured 16 tobacco use and demographic variables, and 12 post-quit treatment measures. Analyses were made using Pearson chi-square tests for binary da-ta, Wilcoxon rank sum tests for all other data, and Wilcoxon signed rank tests for changes between time periods. Comparatively, smokers in the CD group were likely to be male, and displayed an increase in the following: sensorimotor handling scores of the Horn psychological test of nicotine de-pendence, negative mood, anxiety, restlessness, and average withdrawal scores (p<0.05). Additionally, CD smokers had less decrease in anger, but a greater decrease in frustration (p<0.05). Despite some differences, smokers with and without a history of substance abuse were similar in their tobacco-related addiction parameters. Results suggest that smokers with a history of chemical dependence have greater difficulty during smoking cessation with respect to addiction-related sensorimotor manipulation and psychological withdrawal symptoms.