Browsing by Subject "ncRNA"

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    Autophagy, Metabolism, and Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: Novel Modulators and Functions
    (MDPI, 2019-10-11) Yan, Shengmin; Khambu, Bilon; Hong, Honghai; Liu, Gang; Huda, Nazmul; Yin, Xiao-Ming; Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine
    Alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is caused by over-consumption of alcohol. ALD can develop a spectrum of pathological changes in the liver, including steatosis, inflammation, cirrhosis, and complications. Autophagy is critical to maintain liver homeostasis, but dysfunction of autophagy has been observed in ALD. Generally, autophagy is considered to protect the liver from alcohol-induced injury and steatosis. In this review, we will summarize novel modulators of autophagy in hepatic metabolism and ALD, including autophagy-mediating non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and crosstalk of autophagy machinery and nuclear factors. We will also discuss novel functions of autophagy in hepatocytes and non-parenchymal hepatic cells during the pathogenesis of ALD and other liver diseases.
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    Hypoxia-driven ncRNAs in breast cancer
    (Frontiers Media, 2023-07-31) Al-Zuaini, Hashim H.; Rafiq Zahid, Kashif; Xiao, Xiangyan; Raza, Umar; Huang, Qiyuan; Zeng, Tao; Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine
    Low oxygen tension, or hypoxia is the driving force behind tumor aggressiveness, leading to therapy resistance, metastasis, and stemness in solid cancers including breast cancer, which now stands as the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women. With the great advancements in exploring the regulatory roles of the non-coding genome in recent years, the wide spectrum of hypoxia-responsive genome is not limited to just protein-coding genes but also includes multiple types of non-coding RNAs, such as micro RNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. Over the years, these hypoxia-responsive non-coding molecules have been greatly implicated in breast cancer. Hypoxia drives the expression of these non-coding RNAs as upstream modulators and downstream effectors of hypoxia inducible factor signaling in the favor of breast cancer through a myriad of molecular mechanisms. These non-coding RNAs then contribute in orchestrating aggressive hypoxic tumor environment and regulate cancer associated cellular processes such as proliferation, evasion of apoptotic death, extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, migration, invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, therapy resistance, stemness, and evasion of the immune system in breast cancer. In addition, the interplay between hypoxia-driven non-coding RNAs as well as feedback and feedforward loops between these ncRNAs and HIFs further contribute to breast cancer progression. Although the current clinical implications of hypoxia-driven non-coding RNAs are limited to prognostics and diagnostics in breast cancer, extensive explorations have established some of these hypoxia-driven non-coding RNAs as promising targets to treat aggressive breast cancers, and future scientific endeavors hold great promise in targeting hypoxia-driven ncRNAs at clinics to treat breast cancer and limit global cancer burden.