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Item Clinical Assessment and Management Examination—Outpatient (CAMEO): Its Validity and Use in a Surgical Milestones Paradigm(Elsevier, 2015-01) Wilson, Adam B.; Choi, Jennifer N.; Torbeck, Laura J.; Mellinger, John D.; Dunnington, Gary L.; Williams, Reed G.; Department of Surgery, IU School of MedicineObjectives Clinical Assessment and Management Examination—Outpatient (CAMEO) is a metric for evaluating the clinical performance of surgery residents. The aim of this study was to investigate the measurement characteristics of CAMEO and propose how it might be used as an evaluation tool within the general surgery milestones project. Design A total of 117 CAMEO evaluations were gathered and used for analysis. Internal consistency reliability was estimated, and item characteristics were explored. A Kruskal-Wallis procedure was performed to discern how well the instrument discriminated between training levels. An exploratory factor analysis was also conducted to understand the dimensionality of the evaluation. Setting CAMEO evaluations were collected from 2 departments of surgery geographically located in the Midwestern United States. Combined, the participating academic institutions graduate approximately 18 general surgery residents per year. Participants In this retrospective data analysis, the number of evaluations per resident ranged from 1 to 7, and evaluations were collected from 2006 to 2013. For the purpose of data analysis, residents were classified as interns (postgraduate year 1 [PGY1]), juniors (PGY2-3), or seniors (PGY4-5). Results CAMEO scores were found to have high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.96), and all items were highly correlated (≥0.86) to composite CAMEO scores. Scores discriminated between senior residents (PGY4-5) and lower level residents (PGY1-3). Per an exploratory factor analysis, CAMEO was revealed to measure a single dimension of “clinical competence.” Conclusions The findings of this research aligned with related literature and verified that CAMEO scores have desirable measurement properties, making CAMEO an attractive resource for evaluating the clinical performance of surgery residents.Item Who Is Accountable for the Milestones?(RSNA, 2016-06) Heitkamp, Darel E.; Gunderman, Richard B.; Radiology and Imaging Sciences, School of MedicineWe believe that the recently introduced postgraduate radiology milestones are a sadly accurate example of the old saying, “The road to hell is paved with good intentions.” A joint initiative of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and the American Board of Radiology (ABR), the milestones are intended to improve educational quality. However, our experiences and those of many of our colleagues lead us to believe that the milestones are producing more harm than good. As such, the milestone experience offers important lessons that should be lost on no educator.