Browsing by Subject "migration"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
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    Cdc42-mediated supracellular cytoskeleton induced cancer cell migration under low shear stress
    (Elsevier, 2019-10) Liu, Lingling; Jiang, Hua; Zhao, Wei; Meng, Yao; Li, Ji; Huang, Tongwei; Sun, Jinghui; Pediatrics, School of Medicine
    Tumor microenvironment is composed of biological, chemical and physical factors. Mechanical factors are more and more focused these years. Therefore, mimicking mechanical factors' contribution to cancer cell malignancy will greatly improve the advance in this field. Although the induced malignant behaviors are present under many stimuli such as growth or inflammatory factors, the cell key physical migration mechanisms are still missing. In this study, we identify that low shear stress significantly promotes the formation of needle-shaped membrane protrusions, which is called filopodia and important for the sense and interact of a cell with extracellular matrix in the tumor microenvironment. Under low shear stress, the migration is promoted while it is inhibited in the presence of ROCK inhibitor Y27632, which could abolish the F-actin network. Using cell imaging, we further unravel that key to these protrusions is Cell division cycle 42 (Cdc42) dependent. After Cdc42 activation, the filopodia is more and longer, acting as massagers to pass the information from a cell to the microenvironment for its malignant phenotype. In the Cdc42 inhibition, the filopodia is greatly reduced. Moreover, small GTPases Cdc42 rather than Rac1 and Rho directly controls the filopodia formation. Our work highlights that low shear stress and Cdc42 activation are sufficient to promote filopodia formation, it not only points out the novel structure for cancer progression but also provides the experimental physical basis for the efficient drug anti-cancer strategies.
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    Community-scale Flood Risk Management: Effects of a Voluntary National Program on Migration and Development
    (Elsevier, 2019-03) Noonan, Douglas S.; Sadiq, Abdul-Akeem; School of Public and Environmental Affairs
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    Flocking to the Crowd: Cultural Entrepreneur Mobility Guided by Homophily, Market size, or Amenities?
    (Springer, 2021-12) Noonan, Douglas S.; Breznitz, Shiri M.; Maqbool, Sana; School of Public and Environmental Affairs
    Economic activity and innovation clusters in urban areas. Urban economics points to important knowledge and productivity spillovers in cities, in addition to other factors like thicker markets, lower transportation costs, and consumptive amenities. Yet thus far little work has analyzed how these different factors drive migration decisions of arts-related entrepreneurs, especially when they work in online platforms for fundraising. We use data on the largest US crowdfunding platform to identify relocating creators, allowing us to identify which kinds of regions are attracting and retaining more of this sort of talent. We test for the influence of clustering based on homophily, migration to larger markets, and relocation toward particular geographic amenities. Overall we find the strongest evidence for homophily and some distinct tendencies favoring certain regional amenities. Importantly, we both identify general relocation patterns among crowdfunding creatives and break down the attracting features for different types of creators. An examination of (net) migration by different categories of projects, such as musicians or filmmakers, reveals important heterogeneity in the attractors. For example, musicians are drawn stronger music sectors, while writers seek more isolation from other writers. This helps inform the interregional competition for talent and “creative class,” especially among a group of relatively footloose arts- and culture-intensive entrepreneurs.
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    Functional characterization of a panel of high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell lines as representative experimental models of the disease.
    (Impact Journals, 2016-05-31) Haley, James; Tomar, Sunil; Pulliam, Nicholas; Xiong, Sen; Perkins, Susan M.; Karpf, Adam R.; Mitra, Sumegha; Nephew, Kenneth P.; Mitra, Anirban K.; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, IU School of Medicine
    Genomic analysis of ovarian cancer cell lines has revealed a panel that best represents the most common ovarian cancer subtype, high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). However, these HGSOC-like cell lines have not been extensively applied by ovarian cancer researchers to date, and the most commonly used cell lines in the ovarian cancer field do not genetically resemble the major clinical type of the disease. For the HGSOC-like lines to serve as suitable models, they need to be characterized for common functional assays. To achieve that objective, we systematically studied a panel of HGSOC cells CAOV3, COV362, Kuramochi, OVCAR4, OVCAR5, OVCAR8, OVSAHO and SNU119 for migration, invasion, proliferation, clonogenicity, EMT phenotype and cisplatin resistance. They exhibited a range of efficacies and OVCAR5, OVCAR8 and Kuramochi were the most aggressive. SNU119 and OVSAHO cells demonstrated the lowest functional activities. Wide differences in expression of EMT markers were observed between cell lines. SNU119 were the most epithelial and OVCAR8 had the most mesenchymal phenotype. COV362 was the most resistant to cisplatin while CAOV3 was the most sensitive. Taken together, our systematic characterization represents a valuable resource to help guide the application of HGSOC cells by the cancer research community.
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    The Human Rights of Children in an Age of Mobility
    (2015) Bravo, Karen; Robert H. McKinley School of Law
    This Essay reviews Jacqueline Bhabha, Child Migration & Human Rights in a Global Age (Princeton, 2014), ISBN 978-0-6911-4360-6, 374 pages. Jacqueline Bhabha offers a rich and thought-provoking analysis of child migration flows, presenting historical and current cases of child migration, applicable legal frameworks, fundamental principles of child human rights, and procedural or administrative instruments that affect child migrations. She discusses movement for family reunification purposes, as refugees seeking sanctuary, as victims of exploitation such as human trafficking and recruitment as child soldiers, and autonomous migration in search of a better live. This Essay identifies and summarizes the key themes of and questions raised by Bhabha, and offers critiques of the volume’s failure to address the structural causes of state inhospitality or to engage with the threat that states perceive from the unsanctioned and unregulated flow of mobile humanity.
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    PAK1's regulation of eosinophil migration and implications for asthmatic inflammation
    (2013-12-19) Mwanthi, Muithi; Clapp, D. Wade; Blum, Janice Sherry, 1957-; Gunst, Susan J.; Wilkes, David S.; Yang, Feng-Chun
    More than 300 million people world-wide suffer from breathlessness, wheezing, chest tightness, and coughing characteristic of chronic bronchial asthma, the global incidence of which is on the rise. Allergen-sensitization and challenge elicits pulmonary expression of chemoattractants that promote a chronic eosinophil-rich infiltrate. Eosinophils are increasingly recognized as important myeloid effectors in chronic inflammation characteristic of asthma, although few eosinophil molecular signaling pathways have successfully been targeted in asthma therapy. p21 activated kinases (PAKs), members of the Ste-20 family of serine/threonine kinases, act as molecular switches in cytoskeletal-dependent processes involved in cellular motility. We hypothesized that PAK1 modulated eosinophil infiltration in an allergic airway disease (AAD) murine model. In this model, Pak1 deficient mice developed reduced inflammatory AAD responses in vivo with notable decreases in eosinophil infiltration in the lungs and broncho-alveolar lavage fluids (BALF). To test the importance of PAK1 in hematopoietic cells in AAD we used complementary bone marrow transplant experiments that demonstrated decreased eosinophil inflammation in hosts transplanted with Pak1 deficient bone marrow. In in vitro studies, we show that eotaxin-signaling through PAK1 facilitated eotaxin-mediated eosinophil migration. Ablating PAK1 expression by genetic deletion in hematopoietic progenitors or siRNA treatment in derived human eosinophils impaired eotaxin-mediated eosinophil migration, while ectopic PAK1 expression promoted this migration. Together these data suggest a key role for PAK1 in the development of atopic eosinophil inflammation and eotaxin-mediated eosinophil migration.
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    “Visiting” Close Kin Abroad: Migration Strategies of the Serbian Roma
    (Transnational Press London, 2017) Čvorović, Jelena; Coe, Kathryn; Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health
    The Roma/Gypsies are the largest, poorest and youngest ethnic group in Europe. During the past decade, the Roma from Central and Eastern Europe were of considerable public concern due to a large inflow of Roma emigrants into Western European countries. Applications for international protection submitted by the Roma from the Western Balkans became a substantial part of the asylum case-load at the EU level. More recently, however, a new wave of migrants, mostly from Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan, has found its way to Europe. As Serbia is classified as a safe country, Serbian nationals have limited chances of being awarded refugee status. Nevertheless undeterred, the Serbian Roma/Gypsies continue to travel to and apply for asylum in Western European countries. Using data from original fieldwork conducted among Serbian Roma women, we argue that their desire to travel and possibly reside in one of the more affluent Western European countries is connected to the fact that they have extensive kinship ties in those counties. Kinship ties, in brief, explain much of current Roma migration practices.
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    You or Me? Gender and Graduate Students' Orientations Toward Sacrifice and Migration
    (2009-06-23T21:48:46Z) Patterson, Sarah Elizabeth; Haas, Linda; Seybold, Peter; Bell, David C.
    In an exploratory study of graduate students moving expectations, a self-administered survey was utilized to examine the compromises and sacrifices they expect themselves or their potential partners to be making in moving decisions, as well as their willingness to sacrifice or ask their partner to sacrifice in a move. This study focuses on this work-life decision due to its being understudied in previous literature; it aims to start to establish migration decisions as an important work-family balance topic as well as explore what role gender plays in expectations and willingness to move, especially regarding who sacrifices in a moving decision. The study focused on the potential impact of gender on migration orientations, comparing men’s and women’s attitudes. It also looked at the influence of gender ideology, program’s gender composition, perceived transportability, salary, partner’s relative salary and Money as Power attitudes as well as some demographic data. Previous literature has suggested that women are more likely to be willing to sacrifice in a moving decision while men are more willing to ask their partners to do so. Findings from this study generally confirm this. Some individual factors related to being willing to ask the partner to sacrifice more were: holding a traditional gender ideology, being in a male-dominated program, having a higher expected salary, belief in money as power, and belief in moving as important to a career. Results also suggest that this is a fruitful area for further study.