Browsing by Subject "metformin"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    How effective is metformin in reducing cardiovascular risks in adults with T2DM?
    (Wolters Kluwer, 2021-10) Ahsani, Navid; Williams, Ashley P.; Family Medicine, School of Medicine
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    Impact of metformin treatment on cobalamin status in persons with type 2 diabetes
    (Oxford, 2024-04) Fituri, Sundus; Akbar, Zoha; Ganji, Vijay; Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health and Human Sciences
    Over the last decades, low vitamin B12 status has been reported in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metformin, the first-line therapy for lowering blood glucose, is the main driving factor behind this association. Although the relationship between vitamin B12 deficiency and metformin is well established, results of studies on the exact effect of the dose and duration of the therapy remain inconsistent. Additionally, a lack of consensus on the definition of vitamin B12 deficiency adds to the conflicting literature. The objectives of this review were to analyze and synthesize the findings on the effects of metformin dose and duration on vitamin B12 status in patients with T2DM and to outline the potential mechanisms underlying metformin’s effect on vitamin B12. Metformin therapy has adversely affected serum vitamin B12 concentrations, a marker of vitamin B12 status. The metformin usage index (a composite score of metformin dose and duration) might serve as a potential risk assessment tool for vitamin B12 screening in patients with T2DM. Considering the health implications of suboptimal vitamin B12 status, vitamin B12 concentrations should be monitored periodically in high-risk patients, such as vegans who are receiving metformin therapy for T2DM. Additionally, it is prudent to implement lifestyle strategies concurrent with metformin therapy in individuals with T2DM, promoting an overall synergistic effect on their glycemic control.
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    A pharmacodynamic study of sirolimus and metformin in patients with advanced solid tumors
    (Springer, 2018-08) Sehdev, Amikar; Karrison, Theodore; Zha, Yuanyuan; Janisch, Linda; Turcich, Michelle; Cohen, Ezra E. W.; Maitland, Michael; Polite, Blase N.; Gajewski, Thomas F.; Salgia, Ravi; Pinto, Navin; Bissonnette, Marc B.; Fleming, Gini F.; Ratain, Mark J.; Sharma, Manish R.; Medicine, School of Medicine
    Background Sirolimus is a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor. Metformin may potentiate mTOR inhibition by sirolimus while mitigating its adverse effects. We conducted a pilot study to test this hypothesis. Methods Patients with advanced solid tumor were treated with sirolimus for 7 days followed by randomization to either sirolimus with metformin (Arm A) or sirolimus (Arm B) until day 21. From day 22 onwards, all patients received sirolimus and metformin. The primary aim was to compare the change in phospho-p70S6K (pp70S6K) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from day 8 to day 22 using a two-sample t test. Secondary aims were objective response rate, toxicity, and other serum pharmacodynamic biomarkers (e.g., fasting glucose, triglycerides, insulin, C-peptide, IGF-1, IGF-1R, IGF-BP, and leptin). Results 24 patients were enrolled, with 18 evaluable for the primary endpoint. There was no significant difference in mean change in pp70S6K in arm A vs. arm B (− 0.12 vs. − 0.16; P = 0.64). Similarly, there were no significant differences in other serum pharmacodynamic biomarkers. There were no partial responses. There were no dose-limiting or unexpected toxicities. Conclusions Adding metformin to sirolimus, although well tolerated, was not associated with significant changes in pp70S6K in PBMC or other serum pharmacodynamic biomarkers. Impact: Combining metformin with sirolimus did not improve mTOR inhibition.
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    Slowing Disease Progression in Type 2 Diabetes: Latest Advances
    (Association of Kenya Physicians, 2007) Otieno, C. F.; Association of Kenya Physicians Scientific Conference (11th : Mar. 2007 : Eldoret, Kenya)
    Background: Largest head-to-head, double-blind study of metformin, glyburide and rosiglitazone (N = 4,360). Primary objective: To compare the durability of glycemic control using rosiglitazone versus metformin or glyburide as initial monotherapy in patients with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Design: Double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. Inclusion criteria: Type 2 diabetes ≤ 3 years, drug-naive, male and female, aged 30–75 years, FPG 126–180 mg/dl (7–10 mmol/l). Exclusion criteria: Previous use of glucose-lowering therapy, women of child-bearing potential, significant hepatic disease, renal impairment, unstable or severe angina, known CHF (NYHA Class I–IV), uncontrolled hypertension. Treatment duration: Treatment period: 4 to 6 years. Median duration of treatment: 4 years (rosiglitazone and metformin); 3.3 years (glyburide). Interventions: Rosiglitazone, metformin, glyburide.