Browsing by Subject "measurement"
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Item Care Consistency With Documented Care Preferences: Methodologic Considerations for Implementing the “Measuring What Matters” Quality Indicator(Elsevier, 2016-11) Unroe, Kathleen T.; Hickman, Susan E.; Torke, Alexia M.; Department of Medicine, School of MedicineA basic tenet of palliative care is discerning patient treatment preferences and then honoring these preferences, reflected by the inclusion of “Care Consistency With Documented Care Preferences” as one of 10 “Measuring What Matters quality” indicators. Measuring What Matters indicators are intended to serve as a foundation for quality measurement in health care settings. However, there are a number of logistic and practical issues to be considered in the application of this quality indicator to clinical practice. In this brief methodologic report, we describe how care consistency with documented care preferences has been measured in research on patients near the end of life. Furthermore, we outline methodologic challenges in using this indicator in both research and practice, such as documentation, specificity and relevance, preference stability, and measuring nonevents. Recommendations to strengthen the accuracy of measurement of this important quality marker in health care settings include consistent recording of preferences in the medical record, considerations for selection of treatment preferences for tracking, establishing a protocol for review of preferences, and adoption of a consistent measurement approach.Item Community Policing and Intelligence-Led Policing: An Examination of Convergent or Discriminant Validity(Emerald, 2019) Carter, Jeremy G.; Fox, Bryanna; School of Public and Environmental AffairsPurpose Despite increased scholarly inquiry regarding intelligence-led policing (ILP) and popularity among law enforcement agencies around the globe, ambiguity remains regarding the conceptual foundation and appropriate measurement of ILP. Although most scholars agree that ILP is indeed a unique policing philosophy, there is less consensus regarding the relationship between ILP and the ever-present model of community-oriented policing (COP). Consequently, there is a clear need to study the empirical distinctions and overlaps in these policing philosophies as implemented by US law enforcement agencies. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Data were gleaned from the 2007 LEMAS and 2009 NIJ Intelligence surveys. A total of 227 unique police agencies in the USA are included. A series of bivariate, exploratory factor analyses and structural models are used to determine discriminatory or convergent validity across COP and ILP constructs. Findings The goal was to answer the question: are these two policing philosophies are being implemented as separate and distinct strategies? Results of our exploratory and structural models indicate that COP and ILP loaded on unique latent constructs. This affirms the results of the bivariate correlations, and indicates that COP and ILP have discriminant measurement validity. In other words, COP and ILP are conceptually distinct, even when implemented in police departments across the USA. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research are discussed. Originality/value This is the first study to empirically test the discriminant or convergent validity of COP and ILP.Item Measures of Cancer-related Loneliness and Negative Social Expectations: Development and Preliminary Validation(2016-01-21) Adams, Rebecca N.; Kroenke, Kurt; Mosher, Catherine Esther; Hirsh, Adam Todd; Rand, Kevin L.; Grahame, Nicholas J.Loneliness is a known risk factor for poor mental and physical health outcomes in the general population, and preliminary research suggests that loneliness is linked to poorer health in cancer patients as well. Various aspects of the cancer experience (e.g., heightened existential concerns) lend themselves to making patients feel alone and misunderstood. Furthermore, loneliness theory suggests that negative social expectations, which may specifically relate to the cancer experience, precipitate and sustain loneliness. Thus, loneliness interventions in cancer should be tailored to address illness-related social conditions and negative social expectations. Prior to the development of loneliness interventions for cancer populations, cancer-specific tools are needed to assess: (1) loneliness attributed to cancer (i.e., cancer-related loneliness), and (2) negative social expectations related to cancer. In the current project I developed measures of cancer-related loneliness and cancer-related negative social expectations for use in future theory-based loneliness research. A mixed-methods study design was employed. First, I developed items for the measure of cancer-related loneliness (i.e., the Cancer Loneliness Scale) based on theory, prior research, and expert feedback. Second, I conducted a clinic-based qualitative study (n=15) to: (1) obtain cancer patient feedback on the Cancer Loneliness Scale items, and (2) inform development of the item pool for the measure of negative social expectations (i.e., the Cancer-related Negative Social Expectations Scale). Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and then transferred to Atlas.ti for analysis. Content analysis was used to analyze data regarding patient feedback and theoretical thematic analysis was used to analyze data regarding negative social expectations. Overall, patients said they liked the Cancer Loneliness Scale and no changes were made to the items based on patient feedback. Based on results, I also created five content domains of negative social expectations that were represented in the item pool for the Cancer-related Negative Social Expectations Scale. Third, I conducted a telephone and mail-based quantitative study (n=186) to assess psychometric properties of the two new measures. Dimensionality was determined using confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed by examining internal consistency coefficients and construct validity was assessed by examining theoretical relationships between the Cancer Loneliness Scale, the Cancer-related Negative Social Expectations Scale, and existing reliable and valid measures of health and social well-being. The final products of the project included a 7-item unidimensional Cancer Loneliness Scale and 5-item unidimensional Cancer-related Negative Social Expectations Scale. Excellent evidence for reliability and validity was found for both measures. The resulting measures have both clinical and research utility.Item Measuring Racial Climate in Schools of Social Work: Instrument Development and Validation(The original doi for the as-published article is doi:10.1177/104973150201200104. To access the doi open the following DOI site in your browser and cut and paste the doi name where indicated: [LINK]http://dx.doi.org[/LINK].[BREAK] Access to the original article may require subscription and authorized logon ID/password. IUPUI faculty/staff/students, please check University Library resources before purchasing an article via the publisher. Questions on finding the original article via our databases? Ask a librarian: [LINK]http://www.ulib.iupui.edu/research/askalibrarian[/LINK]., 2002-01) Pike, Cathy KingObjective: This article reports the initial validation of an instrument designed to measure racial climate in programs and schools of social work. Method: An unduplicated sample of students from one school of social work (N = 182) responded to a survey of racial climate. Psychometric analyses were computed to determine the reliability and validity of the instrument’s scales. Results: The scales attained high levels of internal consistency reliability, had a stable factor structure for the items as they were hypothesized, and performed well in preliminary analyses of convergent construct and known-groups validity. Conclusions: The results provided initial evidence of internal consistency reliability and content, construct, factorial, and known-groups validity.Item The Medication Adherence Context and Outcomes Framework Image(2018-10-04) Bartlett Ellis, Rebecca J.; Ruppar, Todd M.Background: Adherence interventions have been largely ineffective, with most taking a "one-size-fits-all” approach without consideration of reasons for nonadherence. While the ABC Taxonomy clarified terminology and identified various outcomes measured along the process continuum, intervention design requires understanding the environments and contexts that contribute to nonadherence. A framework that combines the understanding of environment contextual influences, processes, and outcomes is needed to move forward with approaches to intervention design. Methods: Developed based on theory, practice, and research, the Medication-management and Adherence Contexts and Outcomes (MACO) framework describes the environmental contexts, the processes that occur within the contexts, and how these processes contribute to adherence outcomes. The MACO framework differentiates the processes, defined as medication management, within and across contexts that affect adherence outcomes. Results: Three distinct yet interrelated contexts identified in the MACO framework include 1.) clinic, 2.) pharmacy, and 3.) home. Conclusions: The MACO framework is a useful heuristic to understand at which point people experience problems with managing medications in the medication management continuum. This information can then be used for designing and delivering context-specific interventions and selecting appropriate outcome measures of adherence based on the contexts.Item Patients' strategies for numeric pain assessment: a qualitative interview study of individuals with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome(Taylor & Francis, 2023-04-17) Halverson, Colin M. E.; Doyle, Tom A.; Medicine, School of MedicinePurpose Chronic pain is a common feature of hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome (hEDS), yet how patients assess and communicate their pain remains poorly understood. The objective of the present study was to explore the use of numeric pain assessment in individuals with hEDS, from a patient-centered perspective. Materials and methods Our analysis is based on in-depth qualitative interviews. The interviews were conducted over the phone. Our participants were patients living with hEDS (N = 35). Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed to identify factors related to their use of these pain assessment instruments. Results Three primary themes emerged from these data, namely, (1) confusion around the quantification of multidimensional pain, (2) the subjectivity of pain experience, and (3) a strategic use of assessments for practical purposes beyond the accurate representation of pain. Conclusions These results demonstrate the need for caution in relying exclusively on numeric pain assessment instruments. We conclude with a brief proposal for a clinical communication strategy that may help to address the limitations of numeric pain assessment that were identified in our interviews.Item PRIIME: A generic framework for interactive personalized interesting pattern discovery(IEEE, 2016-12) Bhuiyan, Mansurul A.; Al Hasan, Mohammad; Computer and Information Science, School of ScienceThe traditional frequent pattern mining algorithms generate an exponentially large number of patterns of which a substantial proportion are not much significant for many data analysis endeavors. Discovery of a small number of personalized interesting patterns from the large output set according to a particular user's interest is an important as well as challenging task. Existing works on pattern summarization do not solve this problem from the personalization viewpoint. In this work, we propose an interactive pattern discovery framework named PRIIME which identifies a set of interesting patterns for a specific user without requiring any prior input on the interestingness measure of patterns from the user. The proposed framework is generic to support discovery of the interesting set, sequence and graph type patterns. We develop a softmax classification based iterative learning algorithm that uses a limited number of interactive feedback from the user to learn her interestingness profile, and use this profile for pattern recommendation. To handle sequence and graph type patterns PRIIME adopts a neural net (NN) based unsupervised feature construction approach. We also develop a strategy that combines exploration and exploitation to select patterns for feedback. We show experimental results on several real-life datasets to validate the performance of the proposed method. We also compare with the existing methods of interactive pattern discovery to show that our method is substantially superior in performance. To portray the applicability of the framework, we present a case study from the real-estate domain.Item Psychometric Testing of Attitudes Toward Physical Activity Scale for Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of Pediatric Cancer(Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., 2022-10) Hullmann , Stephanie E.; Biederman, Erika; Monahan, Patrick O.; Champion, Victoria L.; Pradhan, Kamnesh R.; Psychiatry, School of MedicinePurpose: Adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of pediatric cancer experience chronic health problems following treatment, many of which could be prevented through healthy lifestyle choices. This report describes the development of the AYA Cancer Survivor Attitude (AYA-CSA) Scale, an attitudinal scale that is associated with physical activity in AYA survivors of pediatric cancer. Methods: AYA survivors (n = 100) completed a survey to evaluate their attitudes toward engagement in physical activity. Internal consistency was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. Construct validity was assessed by exploratory factor analysis, correlation with physical activity intention and physical activity behavior, and prediction of physical activity, after adjusting for past physical activity, survivor age, gender, and family income. Results: Data demonstrated a single 6-item scale with excellent internal consistency (α = 0.82). Construct validity was supported by significant correlations with physical activity intention (r = 0.553, p < 0.001) and physical activity behavior (r = 0.489, p < 0.001). After controlling for past physical activity and demographic covariates, survivor age, attitude toward physical activity, and intention were significant predictors of physical activity, and the overall model (F(6, 77) = 7.722, p < 0.001) predicted 39.5% of the variability in physical activity. Conclusion: The AYA-CSA scale demonstrates good reliability and construct validity, most important of which was the ability to predict actual physical activity in AYA survivors of pediatric cancer. This reliable and valid measure is an important tool in the design of behavioral interventions to improve physical activity engagement in AYA survivors.Item The Sex-Based Harassment Inventory: A Gender Status Threat Measure of Sex-Based Harassment Intentions(Springer, 2022-05-30) Grabowski, Matthew; Dinh, Tuyen K.; Wu, Wei; Stockdale, Margaret S.We introduce a new inventory measuring sex-based harassment intentions and threat perceptions grounded in gender status threat theories (Berdahl, 2007; Stephan et al., 2016). In Study 1 (N = 568 men), an initial Sex-Based Harassment Inventory (SBHI) was developed with 12 scenarios depicting gender status threats to which respondents rated the likelihood to engage in gender harassment, unwanted sexual attention, supportive conduct, and their perceptions of threat. The final version of the SBHI contained six scenarios with four items each. Gender harassment and unwanted sexual attention intentions loaded on a single, reliable factor, labeled harassment intentions. Two other factors measured threat perceptions and supportive behavior intentions. harassment intentions correlated significantly with threat perceptions, likelihood to sexually harass (Pryor, 1987), hostile and benevolent sexism (Glick & Fiske, 1996), and masculine identification (Glick et al., 2015). In Study 2 (N = 391 men), a non-threat version of the SBHI was compared to the threat version. Threat perceptions mediated the effect of scenario version on harassment intentions, which was stronger at moderate to high levels of hostile sexism and social dominance orientation. Thus, the final version of the SBHI presents promising initial evidence linking sex-based harassment intentions to gender status threat, consistent with Berdahl’s (2007) theory.Item Structure, Placement, and the Quest for Unidimensional Purity in Typologies of American Denominations(Wiley, 2018-12) Steensland, Brian; Woodberry, Robert D.; Park, Jerry Z.; Sociology, School of Liberal Arts