Browsing by Subject "malnutrition"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Determinants of undernutrition and overnutrition among reproductive-age women in Bangladesh: Trend analysis using spatial modeling
    (PLOS, 2023-07-18) Vatsa, Richa; Ghimire, Umesh; Yasmin, Khaleda; Hasan, Farhana Jesmine; Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health
    Background Bangladesh is facing a dual burden of malnutrition, with high rates of undernutrition and increasing rates of overnutrition. The complex scenario of malnutrition in Bangladesh varies across different regions, making it a challenging public health concern to address. Objectives This study analyzes the spatial and temporal dependence of underweight and overweight Bangladeshi women of reproductive age. Methods Nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys in 2014 and 2017–18 were utilized to study the changes in weight status in 15–49-year-old women who were either underweight or overweight. A Bayesian geo-additive regression model was used to account for non-linear and linear effects of continuous and categorical covariates and to incorporate spatial effects of geographical divisions. Results The prevalence of overweight or obese women in rural, city corporations, and other urban areas increased significantly over the four years from 2014 to 2017–18. Women in the categories ‘richer’ and ‘richest’ were more likely to be overweight or obese. Women from Sylhet were more likely to be underweight in both survey years; however, the spatial effects were significant for underweight women in Mymensingh for the year 2017–18. Women in Rajshahi and Khulna were more likely to be overweight or obese in 2014, and women from Barishal and Chittagong were more likely to be overweight in the year 2017–18. Conclusions Underweight and overweight statuses in women vary unevenly across Bangladesh, with a substantially higher prevalence of overweight or obese women in more urbanized areas. The growing burden of overweight and obesity among Bangladeshi women should be addressed with interventions aimed at those in the reproductive age group.
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    Deworming Program In Low-Income Nicaraguan School
    (2020-04-24) Collins, Angela J.
    Infection of soil-transmitted helminths (STH), commonly referred to as intestinal worms, are estimated to plague over 1.5 billion of the world’s most impoverished communities. Developing countries bear the largest burden of STH infections due to lack of access to clean water, safe housing, sanitation infrastructure, education and healthcare. In 2017, the director of the World Health Organization’s Neglected Tropical Diseases department, stated, “There is now global consensus that periodic, large-scale deworming is the best way to reduce the suffering caused by intestinal worms,” [1]. In addition, numerous studies have shown significant efficacy particularly among school-based deworming interventions. Therefore, in order to best steward the health and wellbeing of their students, as well as to comply with the World Health Organization’s recommendations, the Granada Christian Education Center (GCEC) ― a primary school located in one of the poorest areas of Nicaragua ― is requesting $1000 in funding to establish a school-based deworming program among their growing student body.
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    Effects of biscuit-type feeding supplementation on the neurocognitive outcomes of HIV-affected school-age children: a randomized, double-blind, controlled intervention trial in Kenya
    (Compuscript, 2017-12-01) Khee Loo, Kek; Rizzo, Shemra; Chen, Qiaolin; Weiss, Robert E.; Sugar, Catherine A.; Ettyang, Grace; Ernst, Judith; Samari, Goleen; Neumann, Charlotte G.; Health Sciences, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
    Objective: To determine if meat or soy protein dietary supplementation will enhance the neurocognitive performance of HIV-affected children at-risk of malnutrition and food insecurity. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, controlled intervention trial evaluated the effect of nutritional supplementation on the neurocognitive outcomes of 49 HIV-affected school-age children in western Kenya. The intervention consisted in providing the mother, target child, and siblings with one of three isocaloric biscuit-type supplements – soy, wheat, or beef – on 5 days per week for 18 months. Neurocognitive outcomes of the target children were assessed by a battery of eight measures and followed up longitudinally for up to 24 months. Results: Mixed effects modeling demonstrated significant differences in the rates of increase over time among all three groups (F test degrees of freedom of 2, P<0.05) for Raven’s progressive matrices performance, but not for verbal meaning, arithmetic, digit span backward, forward, and total, embedded figure test, and Beery visual–motor integration scores. Conclusion: HIV-affected school-age children provided with soy protein supplementation showed greater improvement in nonverbal cognitive (fluid intelligence) performance compared with peers who received isocaloric beef or wheat biscuits. Soy nutrients may have an enhancing effect on neurocognitive skills in HIV-affected school-age children
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    Mid-upper arm circumference and nutritional risk in macrocephalic pediatric patients
    (2022-06) Wadelton, Christina Ann; O'Palka, Jacquelynn M.; Christensen, Celanie; Blackburn, Sara A.
    Objective: Nutritional assessment and diagnosis of malnutrition in pediatric patients is dependent on anthropometric measurements. In macrocephalic children, current anthropometric measures may fail to correctly diagnose malnutrition. The purpose of this study is to determine if the measurement of mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) in pediatric patients with macrocephaly better identifies children at nutritional risk as compared to weight-for-length (WFL) or body mass index (BMI). Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study of children aged 6-36 months with a head circumference 2 SD above the mean was performed. Visual assessment was used as the clinical “gold standard” for presence of malnutrition. MUAC was compared to the WFL or BMI for each child to determine which anthropometric measurement better identified presence of malnutrition. Statistics: Two-way contingency tables were used to summarize the relationships between each pair of assessments of whether a child is malnourished. Agreement between the methods was evaluated using kappa statistics and percent agreement. Analyses were performed using SAS version 9.4 ™ statistical software. Results: Twenty patients were included who met study criteria. The mean head circumference z-score was 2.6. The mean BMI/WFL z-score was 0.9, which would qualify the child as “nourished.” Of the 20 children included in the study, 20% (n=4) appeared visually malnourished on physical exam. BMI/WFL confirmed diagnosis of malnutrition in 75% (n=3) of children. MUAC confirmed diagnosis of malnutrition in 75% (n=3) of children. Diagnosis of malnutrition using BMI/WFL as compared to visual assessment had a non-significant p-value of 0.317. Diagnosis of malnutrition using MUAC as compared to visual assessment had a non-significant p-value of 0.317. With a p-value of >0.5, there is no statistically significant difference between BMI/WFL and MUAC in diagnosis of malnutrition. Conclusion: MUAC did not perform better than BMI/WFL at identifying malnutrition in pediatric macrocephalic patients.
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    Nutritional Assessment of Denture Wearers Using Matched Electronic Dental-Health Record Data
    (Wiley, 2022-08) Felix Gomez, Grace Gomez; Cho, Sopanis D.; Varghese, Roshan; Rajendran, Divya; Eckert, George J.; Bhamidipalli, Sruthi Surya; Gonzalez, Theresa; Khan, Babar Ali; Thyvalikakath, Thankam Paul; Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry
    Purpose To assess the nutritional profile of denture wearers through a retrospective cohort study using nutritional biomarkers from matched electronic dental and health record (EDR-EHR) data. Materials and methods The case group (denture wearers) included matched EDR-EHR data of patients who received removable partial, complete, and implant-supported prosthodontic treatments between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2018, study time. The control (nondenture wearers) group did not have recorded denture treatments and included patient records within 1 year of the denture index date (first date of case patients’ receiving complete or partial denture) of the matching cases. The qualified patients’ EDR were matched with their EHR based on the availability of laboratory reports within 2 years of receiving the dentures (index date). Nutritional biomarkers were selected from laboratory reports for complete blood count, comprehensive and basic metabolic profile, lipid, and thyroid panels. Summary statistics were performed, and general linear mixed effect models were used to evaluate the rate of change over time (slope) of nutritional biomarkers before and after the index date. Likelihood ratio tests were performed to determine the differences between dentures and controls. Results The final cohort included 10,481 matched EDR-EHR data with 3,519 denture wearers and 6,962 controls that contained laboratory results within the study time. The denture wearers’ mean age was 57 ±10 years and the control group was 56 ±10 years with 55% females in both groups. Pre-post analysis among denture wearers revealed decreased serum albumin (p = 0.002), calcium (p = 0.039), creatinine (p < 0.001) during the post-index time. Hemoglobin (Hb) was higher pre-index, and was decreasing during the time period but did not change post-index (p < 0.001). Among denture wearers, completely edentulous patients had a significant decrease in serum albumin, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), but increased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). In partially edentulous patients, total cholesterol decreased (p = 0.018) and TSH (p = 0.004), BUN (p < 0.001) increased post-index. Patients edentulous in either upper or lower arch had decreased BUN and eGFR during post-index. Compared to controls, denture wearers showed decreased serum albumin and protein (p = 0.008), serum calcium (p = 0.001), and controls showed increased Hb (p = 0.035) during post-index. Conclusions The study results indicate nutritional biomarker variations among denture wearers suggesting a risk for undernutrition and the potential of using selected nutritional biomarkers to monitor nutritional profile.