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Browsing by Subject "longitudinal study"
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Item A Daily Diary Analysis of Condom Breakage and Slippage during Vaginal Sex or Anal Sex among Adolescent Women(Wolters Kluwer, 2016-09) Hensel, Devon J.; Selby, Sarah; Tanner, Amanda E.; Fortenberry, J. Dennis; Pediatrics, School of MedicineBackground Adolescent women Adolescent women are disproportionately impacted by the adverse outcomes associated with sexual activity, including sexually transmitted infections (STI). Condoms as a means of prevention relies upon use that is free of usage failure, including breakage and/or slippage. This study examined the daily prevalence of and predictors of condom breakage and/or slippage during vaginal sex and during anal sex among adolescent women. Methods Adolescent women (N=387; 14 to 17 years) were recruited from primary care clinics for a longitudinal cohort study of STIs and sexual behavior. Data were daily partner-specific sexual diaries. Random intercept mixed effects logistic regression was used to estimate the fixed effect of each predictor on condom breakage/slippage during vaginal or during anal sex (Stata, 13.0), adjusting model coefficients for the correlation between repeated within-participant diary entries. Results Condom slippage and/or breakage varied across sexual behaviors and was associated with individual-specific (e.g., age and sexual interest) and partner-specific factors (e.g., negativity). Recent behavioral factors (e.g., experiencing slippage and/or breakage in the past week) were the strongest predictors of current condom slippage and/or breakage during vaginal or anal sex Conclusion Factors associated with young women’s condom breakage/slippage during vaginal or during anal sex should be integrated as part of STI prevention efforts, and should be assessed as part of ongoing routine clinical care.Item Developmental Trajectories of Religiosity, Sexual Conservatism and Sexual Behavior among Female Adolescents(Elsevier B.V., 2013-12) Aalsma, Matthew C.; Woodrome, Stacy E.; Downs, Sarah M.; Hensel, Devon J.; Zimet, Gregory D.; Orr, Don P.; Fortenberry, J. Dennis; Department of Pediatrics, IU School of MedicineUnderstanding the role of socio-sexual cognitions and religiosity on adolescent sexual behavior could guide adolescent sexual health efforts. The present study utilized longitudinal data from 328 young women to assess the role of religion and socio-sexual cognitions on sexual behavior accrual (measuring both coital and non-coital sexual behavior). In the final triple conditional trajectory structural equation model, religiosity declined over time and then increased to baseline levels. Additionally, religiosity predicted decreased sexual conservatism and decreased sexual conservatism predicted increased sexual behavior. The final models are indicative of young women's increasing accrual of sexual experience, decreasing sexual conservatism and initial decreasing religiosity. The results of this study suggest that decreased religiosity affects the accrual of sexual experience through decreased sexual conservatism. Effective strategies of sexual health promotion should include an understanding of the complex role of socio-sexual attitudes with religiosity.Item Investigating Weather, Climate, and Climate Change Understanding of Appalachian Middle-Level Students(International Consortium for Research in Science & Mathematics Education (ICRSME), 2021-07-08) Cartwright, Tina J.; Hemler, Deb; Magee, Paula A.; School of EducationClimate change is an increasingly pervasive global topic, but how much of this discussion is accurately understood by students? Fully comprehending the small fluctuations associated with long term changes in temperature and precipitation is a daunting task for the general public, let alone for middle-level adolescents. This study examines students’ understanding of weather, climate and climate change. Forty-seven students, ages 12-14 from the Appalachian region of the US, were surveyed before, immediately after, and six months after a standards-based unit of instruction. The study utilized a questionnaire developed by Boon (2009) with additional questions related to weather and climate. Qualitative data were analyzed using a constructivist framework and student responses were examined for understanding of the main content ideas. The students’ understandings were analyzed over time for shifts and were also compared with previously published research (Bodzin et al., 2014; Boon, 2009). Students made improvements in some aspects of understanding with instruction but not all gains persisted to six months post instruction. Students’ distinctions between weather and climate were altered by instruction, persisted, and continued to improve with time. Students demonstrated a general understanding of the differences between weather and climate but struggled when asked to apply this knowledge to specific situations. Some improvements in students’ basic understanding of the greenhouse effect were evident, but some of these improvements degraded with time. While instruction was able to temporarily improve understanding of greenhouse gases, and the benefits of the greenhouse effect, overall students did not retain this understanding over the long term.Item A longitudinal study of the effects of age, sex and race on body composition in chronic kidney disease(Oxford University Press, 2019-03-07) Agarwal, Rajiv; Medicine, School of MedicineBackground Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by accelerated aging, but the age-related changes in body composition and its modification by sex and race are unclear. Methods We assembled a cohort of 516 patients with CKD and 45 healthy controls and serially measured body composition using air-displacement plethysmography for up to 6 years. Mixed models were used to evaluate simultaneously the baseline and longitudinal changes in body composition as influenced by age, sex and race. Results Compared with healthy controls, patients with CKD had a greater weight, body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM) and percent body fat (BF%), but the changes over time in body composition were similar. Older age (>60 years) was a strong determinant of loss of weight, BMI, FM and fat-free mass (FFM), but not BF%. Compared with non-blacks, blacks had a higher FFM at baseline, but they lost FFM more rapidly. Compared with women, men had an accelerated loss of FFM and accumulation of FM. Taking interactions into account, we found that young black men had no significant change in weight due to the loss of FFM and the accumulation of FM, thereby masking obesity by conventional measurements. Conclusion Among patients with CKD, the changes in body composition are influenced by age, sex and race. Young black men have changes in body composition that may remain undetectable by conventional methods thus masking the occurrence of obesity.