Browsing by Subject "law enforcement intelligence"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Intelligence Led Policing: Conceptual and Functional Considerations for Public Policy
    (2009-09) Carter, David L.; Carter, Jeremy G.
    Policing in the post-9/11 era is experiencing a philosophical change that is expanding community- and problem-oriented policing to include the broader philosophy of intelligence-led policing (ILP). Building on the British experience, the application of ILP to American policing has been complicated by a number of challenges. Although stimulated by 9/11, the movement toward ILP is being furthered by a number of federal public policy initiatives. As a result of these diverse demands, law enforcement must revisit operational policies and creatively adjust their organizations to reflect this new paradigm. This article provides insight on the conceptual background of ILP, public policy standards, and the integration of ILP with community policing.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Intelligence Training
    (2013) Carter, Jeremy G.; Carter, David L.; Chermak, Steven
    The role of intelligence in law enforcement agencies has an important history, and its importance changed dramatically after the September 11th terrorist attacks. Expectations for law enforcement agencies to build an intelligence capacity have never been higher and fundamental changes to how information is shared and distributed has occurred. Although it is clear that intelligence is critical for responding to terrorism and other types of crime, and that there are great expectations for law enforcement agencies to conform to national standards, there is very little research that has explored the issues related to intelligence training in the United States. This article fills this gap. Specifically, we provide a brief history of the role of intelligence in law enforcement agencies and then describe current expectations. We then provide an overview of some of the national training programs that have been created to assist law enforcement in this area. We then discuss research results using data from a national assessment of intelligence practices, focusing on critical training issues. We conclude with a discussion of what efforts must be undertaken to enhance the current training that is available.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Law Enforcement Fusion Centers: Cultivating an Information Sharing Environment while Safeguarding Privacy
    (Springer, 2016) Carter, Jeremy G.; Carter, David L.; School of Public and Environmental Affairs
    The national network of fusion centers, of which there are currently 78 nationwide, was created in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001 and continue to play an integral role in contemporary law enforcement. Their mission, put simply, is to facilitate information sharing across disparate agencies and organizations. Despite a significant presence within the law enforcement landscape, fusion centers have received relatively minimal scholarly attention. This limited literature alludes to operational challenges and public concerns that inhibit fusion center effectiveness. More specifically, little information is known about how fusion centers develop relationships with external partners as well as institute mechanisms to safeguard against violations of individual privacy. The present research employs a combination of national survey data and three in-depth case studies of fusion centers in Florida, Nevada, and Michigan to provide initial answers to these questions. Implications for improved policy and practice are discussed.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Law Enforcement Intelligence: Implications for Self-Radicalized Terrorism
    (2012-05) Carter, Jeremy G.; Carter, David L.
    A series of tragic events over the last three years has further strengthened the emerging preventative and proactive philosophies adopted by US law enforcement post-September 11, 2001. Law enforcement and the American public now have a heightened awareness of homegrown terrorism. While these terrorist actors operate independent of traditional terrorist networks and groups, they are often influenced by such groups through a process where they enter as a non-violent individual and exit as a violent ‘true believer’. Efforts by law enforcement to mitigate or prevent such threats rely on the implementation of intelligence-led policing practices. Central to these practices is the input of raw information into the intelligence cycle. This paper will discuss the importance and application of suspicious activity reporting as it impacts law enforcement intelligence practices to prevent threats from self-radicalized terrorism.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Law Enforcement’s Information Sharing Infrastructure: A National Assessment
    (2013-06) Chermak, Steven; Carter, Jeremy G.; Carter, David L.; McGarrell, Edmund F.; Drew, Jack
    The September 11 attacks impacted society generally, and law enforcement specifically, in dramatic ways. One of the major trends has been changing expectations regarding criminal intelligence practices among state, local, and tribal (SLT) law enforcement agencies and the need to coordinate intelligence efforts and share information at all levels of government. In fact, enhancing intelligence efforts has emerged as a critical issue for the prevention of all threats and crimes. To date, an increasing number of SLT law enforcement agencies have expanded their intelligence capacity, and there have been fundamental changes in the national, state, and local information sharing infrastructure. Moreover, critical to these expanding information sharing expectations is the institutionalization of fusion centers (FCs). Despite these dramatic changes, an expanding role, and the acknowledgement that local law enforcement intelligence is critical to the prevention and deterrence of threats and crimes, very little research exists that highlights issues related to the intelligence practices of SLT law enforcement agencies and FCs.1 This research describes what agencies are doing to build an intelligence capacity and assesses the state of information sharing among agencies. Specifically, a national survey was developed to examine the experiences of SLT agencies and FCs for building an intelligence capacity as well as to understand critical gaps in the sharing of information regarding intelligence.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The Structure and Function of Public-Private Partnerships for Homeland Security
    (2008) Carter, Jeremy G.
    In an effort to most effectively protect the United States from “all threats and all hazards”, an enormous amount of initiatives and attention have been directed at the development of public-private partnerships between law enforcement, the Intelligence Community and the private sector. However, little attention has been given to how these partnerships should be structured and how they will function – both formally and informally. Success of these partnerships depends upon the members’ abilities to recognize the context and intended outcomes of the partnerships. Identifying issues involved with effective public-private partnerships provides insight for practitioners and researchers alike. The demand, structure and functionality for these partnerships for development and sustainment will be discussed.