Browsing by Subject "knowledge"
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Item Building Healthy Social Media for All: Investigating How Different Cultures Seek and Process Health Information(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2016-04-08) Ansah-Koi, Kate; Faiola, Anthony; Srinivas, Preethi; Strzeszkowski, Deborah; Gross, MikaylahThe percentage of people accessing online health information in the U.S. has created a spike in knowledge that continues to impact personal health outcomes. Three events that have amplified interest in accessing such information have been: (1) Local/national programs promoting healthy life-styles and disease prevention, (2) The effects of increasing immigration to North America, and (3) The passing of the Affordable Care-Act. Aligning with these factors are health statistics that show African Americans with the highest mortality rate of any racial/ethnic group for all cancers combined—contributing to the lowest life expectancy of any ethnic group. Second, there are 55.2M Spanish speakers in the U.S., of which 20% (7.2M) say their level of English proficiency is fair-to-non-existent. This research is an investigation (in two-parts) into the role of cultural cognitive preferences in the design of online health social media and its potential for improving the health and well-being—with a focus on African-American and Latino populations. This study focuses on the former. Ten African Americans, ages 40 to 60, participated in phone open-ended interviews to identify their perception of the quality and availability of online health information. The interview consisted of 14 questions and lasted for approximately 15 minutes. Findings suggest that participants seek health information from a wide array of sources, with a preference for people as the source rather than online, e.g., physicians, health clinics, family and friends, co-workers, campus events, and church. While none of the interviewees answered yes to a question about whether they participated in online health networks, most did have knowledge of the dissemination of health information through social media, which most had experience using. Finally, the most mentioned factor regarding satisfaction with online health information was related to trust and verifying the sources, which most interviewees said they do through their personal physician.Item A Descriptive Study of Undergraduate Student and Faculty Perspectives of Engagement When Learning About Cultural Content(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2015-04-17) Lewis, Carly; Eldridge, Whitney; Riner, Mary BethPurpose: The purpose of this study was to explore student perception of engagement and knowledge gained during two class sessions on cultural competence using interactive teaching strategies. Improving cultural knowledge among nursing students can be expected to lead to the provision of culturally competent care upon graduation. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive design was used. Data was collected at the IU School of Nursing during two class sessions from 49 students and the course faculty. Three strategies were used to collect data: the one-minute paper (OMP) to gather the students’ perspectives, field notes taken during the class sessions, and interviews with the faculty before and after the class sessions. Results: Data showed recurring themes for each of the 3 OMP questions. When asked “What three things did you learn about culture during class,” the themes that emerged included knowledge of specific cultural practices, intercultural communication strategies, subculture/cultural differences, and the importance of cultural competence. Themes from the second question “What stood out for you the most” were cultural specifics, broad concepts, and means of teaching. The themes of the third question, “When did you feel most engaged,” were scenario/skit, questions, while presenting, feedback, and interaction. We found that out of the all the interactive techniques used, the skit had the greatest positive feedback. Students who reported the skit as being the time of greatest engagement also reported the skit as the time they learned the greatest content on cultural and subcultural differences as well as importance of cultural competency. Conclusion: We found that a high impact teaching strategy enhanced student engagement and learning. We encourage both students and teachers to take full advantage of interactive learning strategies as a way to promote deep learning about cultural competence.Item Effects of Training on Social Work, Nursing and Medical Trainees' Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs Related to Screening and Brief Intervention for Alcohol Use(2017-04) Carlson, Joan M.; Schwindt, Rhonda; Agley, J.; Gassman, R. A.; McNelis, Angela M.; Vannerson, J.; Crapp, D.; School of Social WorkIndiana University's Schools of Social Work, Nursing and Medicine formed a consortium to advance education for Screening Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT). Trainees participated in SBIRT training and completed data collection before, immediately after, and 30 days after a face-to-face training. The study explored participants' perceptions about the training and the likelihood of implementing SBI in practice, including attitudes and beliefs that may be predictive of SBIRT utilization in clinical practice. Results show the training targeting SBI and MI behaviors may improve participants' self-reported competence with SBI. This improvement was consistent and strong in all programs. The study results also provided a preliminary indication that the training affected participants' perception of time utilization and compensation for performing SBI.Item Healthcare professionals knowledge on cancer-related fatigue: A cross-sectional survey in Oman(Wiley, 2020-09) Al Maqbali, Mohammed; Gracey, Jackie; Dunwoody, Lynn; Rankin, Jane; Hacker, Eileen; Hughes, Ciara; School of NursingCancer-related fatigue is a common and distressing cancer symptom that negatively affects quality of life. The main objective of this study was to determine health professionals' knowledge relating to cancer patients' fatigue in Oman and identify current management practices of cancer-related fatigue. A cross-sectional survey design using Qualtrics® software was performed. The survey had five sections and comprised 32 items. A total of 138 healthcare professionals working in Oman participated in the study (response rate 63.9%). Nearly three quarters of the participants were nurses (74.6%, n = 103). The mean level of knowledge of cancer-related fatigue was 16.6/23, with 50% of participants having the expected level of knowledge above 12. The result indicated that professional discipline and work experience each were significantly associated with overall level of knowledge. Participants identified the need for guidelines, assessment tools, and training for the oncology staff to help improve the quality of life of patients with cancer-related fatigue.Item Idea Density Correlates with Prior Knowledge(Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research, 2014-04-11) Johnson, ChanelIt is widely accepted in educational research that student’s prior knowledge influences new learning. It is easier to comprehend text and content on that particular subject because of the students prior knowledge. If the person does not have any knowledge on the subject, how can a person process the information given? The concept of idea density deals with the measurement of texts, and is a subset of conceptual density. The formal definition states “the number of propositions divided by the number of words” (Covington, 2008). The idea density of a text determines the amount of work a reader must do in order to understand it. Readers who are already familiar with a subject can comfortably process text with high idea density than a person who is new to the field. The purpose of this research is to determine whether and to what degree is idea density an indirect measure of the amount of presupposed knowledge. The authors will conduct a series of experiments and collect data. The goal is to analyze the data and determine if conceptual density has any affect on learning. Mentor: Jomo Mutegi, IU School of Education, IUPUIItem Investigating Canadian parents' HPV vaccine knowledge, attitudes and behaviour: a study protocol for a longitudinal national online survey(BMJ Journals, 2017-09-11) Shapiro, Gilla K; Perez, Samara; Naz, Anila; Tatar, Ovidiu; Guichon, Juliet R; Amsel, Rhonda; Zimet, Gregory D; Rosberger, Zeev; Pediatrics, School of MedicineIntroduction Human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection, can cause anogenital warts and a number of cancers. To prevent morbidity and mortality, three vaccines have been licensed and are recommended by Canada’s National Advisory Committee on Immunisation (for girls since 2007 and boys since 2012). Nevertheless, HPV vaccine coverage in Canada remains suboptimal in many regions. This study will be the first to concurrently examine the correlates of HPV vaccine decision-making in parents of school-aged girls and boys and evaluate changes in parental knowledge, attitudes and behaviours over time. Methods and analysis Using a national, online survey utilising theoretically driven constructs and validated measures, this study will identify HPV vaccine coverage rates and correlates of vaccine decision-making in Canada at two time points (August–September 2016 and June–July 2017). 4606 participants will be recruited to participate in an online survey through a market research and polling firm using email invitations. Data cleaning methods will identify inattentive or unmotivated participants. Ethics and dissemination The study received research ethics board approval from the Research Review Office, Integrated Health and Social Services University Network for West-Central Montreal (CODIM-FLP-16–219). The study will adopt a multimodal approach to disseminate the study’s findings to researchers, clinicians, cancer and immunisation organisations and the public in Canada and internationally.Item A Nationwide Study Comparing Knowledge and Beliefs about HPV among Female Students before and after HPV Vaccination(Elsevier, 2018) Wong, Li Ping; Alias, Haridah; Sam, I-Ching; Zimet, Gregory D.; Pediatrics, School of MedicineStudy Objective To assess the knowledge and beliefs regarding HPV and the HPV vaccine among girls before and after vaccination in the Malaysian HPV Immunisation Programme. Design A nationwide longitudinal survey. Setting Thirty-two randomly selected schools from 13 states and 3 federal territories in Malaysia from February to March 2013, and October to November 2013. Participants Form One female students (13-year-old). Interventions None. Main Outcome Measures Mean knowledge score of HPV infection. Results A total of 2,644 students responded to the pre-vaccination survey, of whom 2,005 (70%) completed the post-vaccination survey. The mean knowledge score was 2.72 (SD ± 2.20) out of a maximum score of 10 in the pre-vaccination survey, which increased significantly to 3.33 (SD ± 1.73) after the 3 doses of HPV vaccine (p = 0.001). Many answered incorrectly that, ‘Only females can get HPV infection’ (91.5% pre-vaccination versus 96.1% post-vaccination), and only a few were aware that, ‘Vaccinating boys helps to protect girls against HPV infection’ (11.7% for pre-vaccination versus 10.2% for post-vaccination). The mean knowledge score was significantly higher post-vaccination among higher-income families and those with parents of a higher occupational status. Regarding beliefs about the HPV vaccine, 89.4% in the pre-vaccination survey held the view that they would not get a HPV infection, and the percentage remained similar in the post-vaccination survey. Perceived severity of HPV infection also remained low in both pre- and post-intervention groups. Only 21.5% reported receiving health information about HPV along with the provision of the HPV vaccine; those who received health information showed higher levels of knowledge. Conclusion Findings revealed a general lack of knowledge and erroneous beliefs about HPV and the HPV vaccine even after receiving vaccination. This suggests that imparting accurate knowledge about HPV along with vaccine administration is essential. Specifically, girls from lower socioeconomic groups should be a target of educational intervention.Item Periodontal health: A national cross‐sectional study of knowledge, attitudes and practices for the public oral health strategy in China(Wiley, 2019-04) Zhao, Qian; Wang, Shi-Bin; Xu, Guodong; Song, Yiqing; Han, Xiaozhe; Liu, Zhiqiang; Zhou, Xuan; Zhang, Tianyi; Huang, Kewu; Yang, Ting; Lin, Yingxiang; Wu, Sinan; Wang, Zuomin; Wang, Chen; Epidemiology, School of Public HealthAim To assess the status of periodontal health knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among Chinese adults. Materials and Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted in a nationally representative sample of adults (N = 50,991) aged 20 years or older from ten provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. Percentages of Chinese adults with correct periodontal knowledge, positive periodontal attitudes, and practices were estimated. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to examine the related factors. Results Less than 20% of Chinese adults were knowledgeable about periodontal disease. Very few (2.6%) of Chinese adults use dental floss ≥once a day and undergo scaling ≥once a year and visit a dentist (6.4%) in the case of gingival bleeding. Periodontal health KAP was associated with gender, age, body mass index, marital status, place of residence, education level, income, smoking status, and history of periodontal disease. Conclusions Periodontal health KAP are generally poor among the Chinese adult population. Community‐based health strategies to improve periodontal health KAP need to be implemented. Increasing knowledge of periodontal disease, the cultivation of correct practices in response to gingival bleeding, and the development of good habits concerning the use of dental floss and regular scaling should be public oral health priorities.Item Preliminary investigation of interdisciplinary trainee’s improvement in knowledge about autism spectrum disorder(Emerald, 2022-01) Ryan, Tybytha D.; Brunson McClain, Maryellen; Merrill, Anna; Dahir, Naima; Harris, Bryn; Irby, Sarah M.; Pediatrics, School of MedicinePurpose Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often receive services from a variety of professionals. However, not all providers receive adequate training in ASD. The Leadership Education in Neurodevelopmental and Related Disabilities (LEND) program includes a core competency of increasing knowledge about neurodevelopmental and related disabilities. This study attempted to assess trainees’ ASD knowledge and self-reported confidence in working with individuals with ASD and sought to understand if training through the LEND program increases these competencies. Additionally, the purpose of this study is to determine factors that predict ASD knowledge and self-reported confidence in providing services to this population, specifically in an interdisciplinary trainee sample. Design/methodology/approach Participants were 170 interdisciplinary LEND trainees during the 2017–2018 academic year. Participants across the USA completed online pre- and posttraining surveys. The survey included demographics, ASD knowledge, questions assessing training experiences, perceived ASD knowledge and self-reported confidence. Findings A one-way analysis of variance determined that there was a statistically significant difference in measured ASD knowledge across disciplines F(7, 148) = 5.151, p < .001. Clinical trainees (e.g. psychology, pediatrics and speech) exhibited more measured ASD knowledge than nonclinical trainees (e.g. neuroscience, legal). Additionally, training experiences, self-reported confidence and perceived ASD knowledge were predictors of measured ASD knowledge. Moreover, trainees increased their measured ASD knowledge, self-reported confidence and had more experiences with individuals who have ASD at the end of the training year. Originality/value These findings suggest that the LEND program may assist in the preparation of professionals to work with individuals with ASD. Training opportunities, including educational and practical experience, to train interdisciplinary providers who will work with individuals with ASD are advised.Item U.S. Pediatric Residents’ Preparedness, Attitudes, and Knowledge in LGBTQ+ Healthcare(2023) Menez, Olwen; Dauterman, Jonathan; Dauterman, Leah; Nowaskie, DustinIntroduction: The objective of this study was to evaluate how comfortable, knowledgeable, and prepared pediatric residents are within LGBTQ+ care. Method: In June 2022, U.S. pediatric residents completed an anonymous, online survey including the three domain LGBT-DOCSS. Results: Pediatric residents (N = 78) reported low to moderate annual amounts of LGBT curricular hours (M = 3.32, SD = 3.17) and LGBT patients (M = 13.84, SD = 15.11) as well as low to moderate Clinical Preparedness and Basic Knowledge and high Attitudinal Awareness. They were significantly less likely to report receiving adequate training and supervision, having experience, and feeling competent in transgender care compared to LGB care. In general, pediatric residents who reported more LGBT education and LGBT patients also reported higher LGBT-DOCSS scores. Discussion: Pediatric providers currently have substantial shortcomings in LGBTQ+ care. Pediatric programs must increase LGBTQ+ education and LGBTQ+ patient exposure.